广东省海岸带国土资源的开发和管理

海岸带是一个在地理意义上和社会经济意义上独具特征的区域。这种条带状的区域,包含着巨大的环境价值和经济价值,因而受到沿海国家的重视,并已形成一种“海岸带”的社会意识。随着生产和科学技术的发展,海岸带的研究领域愈来愈广阔,自然资源综合研究与日俱增。近年来,美国海岸带的研究,在环境、社会经济和海岸工程的基础上,特别强调资源、生态系统、计划和管理法规等方面,出版了有关海岸带技术、环境、社会     

农药污染环境质量评价

本文根据计算排毒系数的方法确定了主要污染源和污染物,又根据食入、饮进、呼吸等量建立了权重系统,由此而计算了中国不同农业区域的污染指数。结果表明,重污染区集中在长江、黄河流域的粮、棉产区,而且我国农业环境中BHC、DDT污染程度是向南或向北逐渐减弱。     

湖南郴县千里山花岗岩及其衍生岩脉云母矿物的红外光谱研究

湖南郴县千里山花岗岩及其衍生岩脉云母矿物系统的红外光谱分析结果表明:这些云母矿物分属于Li-Fe系列和Li-Al系列,前者所有红外光谱吸收峰波数均较后者相应的吸收峰值低;羟基伸缩振动与云母~(v1)Al的含量有关;(Al)Si-O-Si的对称伸缩振动与~(vl)Li~+含量关系密切;而Si-O弯曲振动或O-Me(金属)伸缩振动的频率变化则主要受~(vl)Fe~(2+)的含量制约。不同类型的云母有时其成分与红外光谱振动频率的关系有各自的规律,根据这一关系可以大致划分云母种属并粗略估计云母中某些主要组分的相对含量。结合云母产状的分析,两个系列出现于花岗岩蚀变的不同演化阶段,这对探讨岩体演化及矿化规律有一定的意义。     

闽江河口湿地土壤对痕量元素吸附-解吸特征及其对pH值变化的响应

选择闽江河口鳝鱼滩的芦苇湿地、短叶茳芏湿地及二者交错带湿地为对象，研究了湿地土壤痕量元素的吸附-解吸特征及其对pH值变化的响应.结果表明，3种湿地土壤对Cr⁶⁺、Ni²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附能力及其对Cr⁶⁺和Ni²⁺的最大缓冲容量均表现为短叶茳芏湿地低于交错带湿地和芦苇湿地；对Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺的吸附能力和最大缓冲容量在0~30 cm土层均以芦苇湿地较高，而在30~60 cm土层以短叶茳芏湿地较高.导致3种湿地土壤对痕量元素吸附能力差异的原因主要与土壤颗粒组成和pH值的差异有关.Langmuir吸附等温方程可较好地拟合湿地土壤吸附Cr⁶⁺、Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺的热力学过程（R²≥0.82）.3种湿地土壤中Cr⁶⁺、Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺的解吸量均随吸附量的增加而增加，二者呈显著正相关（p<0.05或p<0.01），且其解吸过程均存在滞后现象，说明吸附过程的作用力较解吸过程强.随着pH值的增加，3种湿地土壤对Cr⁶⁺的吸附量均呈波动降低变化，对Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附量整体均呈增加趋势；而Cr⁶⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺的解吸量对pH值变化的响应与之相反.研究显示，在未来闽江河口硫酸型酸沉降发生频次增加的情况下，相对于短叶茳芏湿地，芦苇湿地和交错带湿地对Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附量将大幅降低，而解吸量将有所增加，说明Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cd²⁺将更易游离于这两种湿地的土壤孔隙水中，进而可能增加其对植物或土壤生物的生态毒性风险.     

紫外光芬顿-膜分离耦合体系降解金霉素

以金霉素为降解对象，采用沉淀法制备α-FeOOH光催化剂，进一步将其用共价结合法负载在陶瓷膜上，用SEM、XRD、EDS、UV-Vis和FTIR对α-FeOOH和光催化陶瓷膜进行表征.结果表明催化剂α-FeOOH呈针状或纺锤长片状，长宽分别为500~550nm、25~50nm，经α-FeOOH改性的陶瓷膜孔隙率由14.83%变为8.11%.研究光芬顿陶瓷膜耦合体系对金霉素的降解效率和动力学行为，确定了光芬顿陶瓷膜耦合体系的最优降解条件为金霉素初始浓度50mg/L，H₂O₂投加浓度10mmol/L，UV强度为3796.6μW/cm².进一步利用UV-Vis光谱分析了两种体系对金霉素的降解机理，光催化剂体系下，H₂O₂的浓度基本保持不变，而光芬顿陶瓷膜耦合体系下H₂O₂的浓度先升后降，同时后者在同一时间点对TOC和NH₄⁺-N去除率更高，表明光芬顿陶瓷膜耦合体系氧化能力更强，对金霉素的降解更为彻底.     

膨胀珍珠岩负载TiO2光催化脱色性能的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料 ,膨胀珍珠岩为载体 ,用溶胶 -凝胶法制备可漂浮于水面的负载型TiO2 。利用该负载型TiO2 对罗丹明B(RB)进行光催化脱色实验 ,结果表明 ,浸渍 3次的负载型TiO2 光催化活性最高 ,催化剂最佳用量为 5 0 0mg/10 0mLRB ,经 5h光照 ,对 10 0mL浓度为 1mg/L和 2 .5mg/LRB脱色率分别为 76 .6 7%和 4 7.2 7% ;该催化剂使用寿命长 ,2 5h后催化剂脱色性能没有减弱 ,可重复使用 ;经 8h光照 ,染料废水脱色效果好。     

Effect of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil on rice growth

A pot experiment was conducted to appraise the hazards of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil at six levels (0, 0.050, 0.089, 0.158, 0.281, and 0.500 mg kg(-1)) to the growth of four rice varieties (Xiushui 63, Eryou 810, Liangyoupeijiu, and Zhenong 952). The morphological characteristics of rice roots like root number, total length, surface area of rice roots, and rice biomass were determined. The results showed that the bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil impacted the growth of rice. Root number, total length of roots, surface area of roots, and biomass were restrained by bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil. The inhibition rate of root growth increased from 69.46-81.32% to 85.18-95.97% with the increasing of levels of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl from 0.05 mg kg(-1) to 0.50 mg kg(-1). The number of rice roots could be taken as a sensitive index to screen the rice varieties endurable to bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil and to predict the potential hazards of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil to rice. The level of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil causing the root numbers decreased by 50% (IC50) followed the order of Xiushui 63 < Eryou 810 < Liangyoupeijiu < Zhenong 952.     

Treatment of refectory oily wastewater by electro-coagulation process

Electro-coagulation was used to treat refectory wastewater with high oil and grease contents. Different operational conditions were examined, including pH, current density, reaction time, conductivity, electrode distance and inlet concentration. The optimum current density was 10-14 A m(-2) within 30 min depending on the wastewater properties tested. Conductivity had little effect on the treatment efficiency. Although the addition of extra salts (e.g., sodium chloride) to the wastewater did not help increase the pollutant removal efficiency, it could save the power consumption significantly. The COD(Cr) and oil removal efficiency descended with increasing electrode distance. The optimal electrode distance was determined to be 10 mm for this equipment in consideration of the treatment cost and efficiency together. The pH effect on the performance of the electro-coagulation process was not very significant in the range of 3-10. The removal efficiency of oil and COD(Cr) under normal condition exceeded 95% and 75%, respectively.     

钛白副产硫酸亚铁的综合利用研究

以钛白副产硫酸亚铁、氯化钾和氨水为原料，采用硫酸钾铵法制取硫酸钾。实验结果表明，该工艺生产的产品，其质量达到ZBG-21006-89国家标准，且此工艺流程简单、操作方便、条件易控制，无二次污染。     

水和废水中多氯联苯(PCBs)的测定方法及进展

本文引用了七十余篇近几年国内外的有关著文,对水和废水中的多氯联苯(PCBs)的测定方法进行了评述,全面系统地介绍了水样的采集、富集、净化和分析测定等操作程序,着重于样品的前处理和气相色谱分析,并提出了这一领域今后的发展趋势。