有机膨润土吸附对硝基苯酚的性能及其在水处理中的应用初探

分别用溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）和氯化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＣ）改性膨润土，研究了制备有机膨润土的适宜条件及其对吸附对对硝基苯酚性能的影响。２５℃时，ＣＴＭＢ－膨润土和ＣＰＣ－膨润土对对硝基苯酚的饱和吸附量分别为４７５ｍｇ／ｇ，远大于原土的饱和吸附量（１２５ｍｇ／ｇ）。ｐＨ〉７时，有机膨润土吸附处理对硝基苯酚的去除率都在８５％以上，比原土的去除率（８．６％）大９倍，通过Ｘ－衍射、红外光谱分析、比     

超塑性恒压充模胀形过程中材料的流动和充填规律

采用刚粘塑性有限元法模拟超塑性恒压充模胀形过程,给出了材料质点的流动轨迹和不同时刻的胀形件剖面形状,分析了模具几何形状参数对单元贴模次序、贴模部位的影响。     

Assessing outdoor air quality vertically in an urban street canyon and its response to microclimatic factors

The vertical distribution of air pollutants in urban street canyons is closely related to residents’ health. However, the vertical air quality in urban street canyons has rarely been assessed using field observations obtained throughout the year. Therefore, this study investigated the seasonal and annual concentrations of particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀), CO, NO₂, SO₂, O₃, air quality index, and their responses to microclimatic factors at three height levels (1.5, 27, and 69 m above street level) in an urban street canyon. The PM concentration was higher at 27 m than at 1.5 m in winter, whereas the situation was reversed in other seasons. It was found that photochemical pollutants such as NO₂ and O₃ were the primary pollutants in the urban street canyon. The days on which O₃ was the primary pollutant at the height of 1.5 m accounted for 81.07% of the entire year. The days on which NO₂ was the primary pollutant at the height of 27 and 69 m accounted for 82.49% and 72.33% of the entire year, respectively. Substantially higher concentrations of NO₂ and O₃ were found at the height of 27 m than at 69 m. In-canyon concentrations of NO₂ and O₃ were strongly correlated with air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction, which played important roles in photochemical reactions and pollutant dispersion.     

苏南志留—第三系岩石力学性质及节理形成机制探讨

对苏南地区志留—第三系进行了系统的岩石力学性质测试,包括岩石抗压强度、抗张强度、抗剪切强度、弹性模量和泊松比值。测试结果表明,苏南存在多个岩石力学突变层;影响岩石力学性质的因素主要为岩石类型、组构、结晶程度和受力方向等。本文还讨论了在区域应力场作用下,节理形成机制和应力转化过程。节理形成通常与岩石中各种缺陷有关,在缺陷处应力易于集中。节理具有多种成因机制。     

Variability of turbulence dispersion characteristics during heavy haze process: A case study in Beijing

The turbulent standard deviations and the turbulent third-order and fourth-order moments are the key turbulence dispersion parameters in Lagrangian dispersion models. However, the characteristics of these parameters under heavy haze conditions in urban areas have not been fully investigated, and the commonly used similarity relations of these parameters in models were based on observations in highly flat and sparsely populated areas. In this paper, the vertical profiles of these parameters and their local similarity relations under heavy haze conditions in the wintertime of Beijing have been analyzed by using data collected at a 325-m meteorological tower. The heavy haze process has been divided into three stages: transport stage (TS), cumulative stage (CS), and dispersion stage (DS). Results show that the turbulent dispersion parameters behave differently during three stages. In the TS and DS, the maxima appear in the profiles of the turbulent standard deviations above the urban canopy; in the CS, the turbulent standard deviation are almost constant with height. The analysis of the third and fourth order moments shows that the wind velocities above the urban canopy in the TS deviate from the Gaussian distribution more significantly than those in the CS and DS. The local similarity relations of the turbulent dispersion parameters in the TS, especially for the longitudinal wind components, are normally different from those in the CS and DS. Thus, different from the common assumptions in Lagrangian models, the turbulence dispersion in horizontal directions is anisotropic and should be parameterized by multiple similarity relations under heavy haze conditions.     

低质量浓度2-硝基-4′-羟基二苯胺暴露对鲫鱼鳃组织HSP70诱导的影响

采用实验室模拟的方法，以日本锦鲫（Carassius auratus）作为实验生物，运用SDS变性胶（SDS-PAGE）蛋白电泳和免疫印迹（Western Blotting）等分子生物学技术，研究了1mg／L 2-硝基-4’-羟基二苯胺（HC Orange No．1）在不同暴露时期对鲫鱼鳃组织应激蛋白HSP70诱导表达的情况，并探讨了鲫鱼鳃组织HSP70作为该有机污染物生物标志物的可行性。结果表明：鲫鱼鳃组织HSP70在暴露2d后相对于空白对照组开始有显著的表达（P〈0．05），并随着暴露天数的增加其表达量显著增加；在暴露4d后其表达量达到最大值；在暴露7d后其表达量开始下降，但可能由于长时间的有机物毒性胁迫，造成了鲫鱼鳃组织损伤和病变，HSP70在随后的暴露时间段内表达量明显下降，均显著低于空白对照组（P〈0．05），因此，鲫鱼鳃组织HSP70并不适宜作为该有机污染物在自然界水生生态系统中的生物标志物。     

铜陵市硫酸渣的综合利用

铜陵市的硫酸渣经过磁化焙烧—球磨—磁选,可以生产出含铁品位为64.13%、没有硫酸渣任何残余特征的优质铁精矿粉.     

Model calculating annual mean atmospheric dispersion factor for coastal site of nuclear power plant

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｎａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎｆｉｅｌｄｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｗａｓｄｏｎｅｏｎｔｈｅｃｏａｓｔａｌｓｉｔｅｏｆｎｕｃｌｅａｒｐｏｗｅｒｐｌａｎｔ (ＮＰＰ)ｉｎｔｈｅｅａｓｔｐａｒｔｏｆＣｈｉｎａｄｕｒｉｎｇ 1995— 1996 Ｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｉｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ:ｈｏｕｒｌｙｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗｉｎｄａｎｄｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｏｎｔｈｅｔｏｗｅｒｏｆ10 0ｍ ;Ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｕｒｆａｃｅｗｉｎｄａｎｄｓｅｅａｎｄｌ…     

飞机典型液压管路系统减振优化计算方法研究

目的研究管道走向和卡箍位置对管道应力的影响。方法以飞机典型液压管路系统为优化对象,对管路系统及支持结构进行动力学参数化建模,使用MATLAB和MSC.NASTRAN构筑基于遗传算法的自动减振优化计算平台,以管壁结构和飞机支持结构的动态应力响应最小为优化目标,对管路走向(包括拐折位置、曲率半径)、卡箍位置进行优化计算,从而建立一种飞机管路系统设计中的自动减振优化计算方法。结果使用建立的减振优化计算平台优化计算设计后,飞机典型液压管路系统最大动态应力值降低了50%。结论提供的优化方法能够有效地通过优化管道布置参数降低应力水平。     

旋翼结冰对直升机悬停性能影响的数值分析

目的 研究旋翼结冰对直升机悬停性能的影响。方法 选取具有充分试验数据的UH-1H直升机为算例,采用Fluent计算旋翼流场,将收敛后的流场文件导入Fensap-ICE中进行水滴撞击和结冰计算,得到结冰后的旋翼外形后,再采用Fluent计算旋翼流场,从而分析旋翼结冰对直升机悬停性能的影响。结果 通过改变结冰条件,分析了不同结冰条件对直升机悬停效率的影响,表明旋翼结冰会显著降低直升机的悬停效率,且随着结冰时间、水滴平均直径(MVD)和液态水含量(LWC)的增大,直升机的悬停效率逐渐降低。结论 不同结冰条件对直升机悬停效率下降趋势的影响不同,随着结冰时间的增大,悬停效率基本呈线性下降,而随着MVD和LWC的增大,悬停效率的下降趋势逐渐变缓,下降幅度逐渐减小。