Thermal behavior characteristics of Adhesive residue

Solid wastes from organic Adhesive production are identified as toxicant hazardous wastes in China’s National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes. The aim of this study is analyzing the thermal behavior of Adhesive residue. Its pyrolysis and combustion characteristics were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experiments were carried out in the temperature range of 50–950 °C in both nitrogen and air. The results indicate that combustion under these experimental conditions largely occurs between 210 and 410 °C, whereas pyrolysis proceeds between 260 and 430 °C. Almost all weight lost takes place before 430 °C during both pyrolysis and combustion of the residue. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the emission characteristics during pyrolysis. When the sample is heated in an inert atmosphere, the evolution of volatiles starts around 260 °C, and reaches a peak rate at 394 °C. Most organic products evolve in a narrow temperature range during pyrolysis. The evolving gaseous products were identified as Butyraldehyde, Ether, Acetonitrile and CO₂, accompanied with some CO.     

危险废物电镀污泥热处置特性研究

在获取典型危险废物原始电镀污泥的TG、DTG、DTA曲线的基础上,详细地分析了Salts泥的热特性．对不同终温下的焚烧减重率进行了试验,发现在焚烧温度低于700℃之前已经能很好的除去电镀污泥中的水分、有机质和挥发份．通过管式炉模拟实际焚烧炉工况,研究了不同试验条件对电镀污泥中的重金属浸出特性和迁移特性的影响,结果显示高温可以有效地抑制重金属的浸出特性,但对迁移特性的影响各不相同．     

常州酸焦油的无害化焚烧处理方法探索

以一种典型的液态危险废弃物--常州酸焦油为研究对象,添加一定比例的电石渣混合以后,通过管式炉不同工况下的焚烧实验来研究烟气中污染物的排放特性.实验结果表明,二氧化硫的排放受焚烧温度影响很大,700℃以下未能检测到有SO2析出,800℃以上硫转化率曲线呈快速上升趋势,900℃时物料中约1/5的硫转化为气态,至1000%时,有一半的硫转化为气态.同时,增大空气流量会对SO2排放产生一定的正面影响.     

室内环境污染与防治

通常人们有80%以上的时间都是在室内度过的,而室内许多污染物浓度高于室外.介绍了室内空气污染物、污染源及对人体的危害等以及控制室内空气污染的一些措施.     

廊坊市生态建设中存在的问题

生态城市是城市建设的发展方向,廊坊市自2006年启动生态市建设工作以来,经过多年的努力,建成了全国首家ISO14000国家示范区,并取得了国家环保模范城市,国家保护臭氧层示范城市等一系列殊荣。本文结合廊坊市生态城市建设工作现状,通过对规划目标资源环境承载力,城市化水平等方面存在的问题进行认真分析,针对廊坊市的特点,提出了建立保障措施,体系建设,重点工程,奖励办法,农村综合整治等对策,更好地、更加切合实际地推进廊坊生态市建设工作。     

Optimization of phosphorus removal in uniFed SBR system for domestic wastewater treatment

The characteristic of phosphorus removal and appropriate change of the traditional operation modes were investigated in UniFed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) laboratory-scale apparatus (40 L), treating actual domestic wastewater with low ratios of C/N (2.57) and C/P (30.18), providing theoretical basis for actual application of wastewater treatment plant. UniFed SBR system with its unique operation mode had the distinct superiority of phosphorus removal. On this occasion, the effect of volumetric exchange ratio (VER) and the method of influent introduction for phosphorus removal were studied. When the carbon source became the limiting factor to phosphorus release, the higher the VER, the lower the phosphorus concentration in the effluent. Three different influent patterns, including one-time filling, four-time filling, and continuous filling with the same quantity of wastewater could increase the release rate of anaerobic phosphorus from 0.082 to 0.143 mg·P·(L·min)^-1. Appropriate change of the traditional operation modes could optimize the efficiency of phosphorus removal. When the feed/ decant time was extended from 2 h to 4 h, the phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 59.93% to 88.45% without any external carbon source. In the mode of alternation of anoxic-aerobic (A/O) condition, phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 55.07% to 72.27% clearly. The carbon source in the influent can be used adequately, and denitrifying phosphorus removal was carried out in anoxic stage 2 (A2). This mode was optimal for the treatment of actual domestic wastewater with low C/N and C/P ratios.     

水泥窑协同处置过程低温段铅和镉的吸附/冷凝动力学研究

对铅、镉两种重金属的氯化物(Pb Cl2、Cd Cl2)开展了吸附/冷凝实验研究。利用管式回转炉和控温立式炉联用装置研究了铅、镉在水泥生料上的吸附冷凝特性。结果表明:在水泥窑共处置的低温段水泥生料对重金属铅、镉的吸附冷凝作用主要以冷凝为主。进入吸附冷凝炉的重金属可以分为三部分,第一部分冷凝在管壁上,该部分Pb含量占进炉总铅的60%左右,Cd占进炉总镉的60%;第二部分吸附/冷凝在生料上,该部分Pb含量占总铅比例低于30%,Cd为20%~30%;第三部分随烟气释放到空气中,该部分Pb比例低于20%,Cd占10%左右。水泥生料对Pb、Cd的吸附冷凝量随时间的增加而增加,随温度的升高而降低。水泥生料对Pb、Cd的吸附冷凝特性可用双常数速率方程拟合,拟合效果较好,得到Pb的活化能为5.013 k J/mol,Cd的活化能为5.07 k J/mol。     

Study on HCl removal for medical waste pyrolysis and combustion using a TG-FTIR analyzer

Under both pyrolysis and combustion condition, HCl removal efficiency for medical waste with Ca-based additives was semi-quantitatively studied by means of TG-FTIR. Additionally, the difference of HCl removal efficiency for PVC and medical waste was compared. Experimental results showed that: 1) Thermal degradation of medical waste mainly took place in two steps under both pyrolysis and combustion condition; 2) HCl emitted at both two steps and HCl concentration increased with the increased of Cl ratio in the medical waste; 3) for the same additive, HCl concentration decreased with the increased of additives amount, that is to say, HCl removal efficiency of medical waste increased as the increased of Ca/Cl molar ratio. Fourth, when Ca(OH)₂ was used as additive, HCl removal efficiency for medical waste combustion was a little higher than that for medical waste pyrolysis, but either CaCO₃ or CaO was used as additive, it was just opposite, more specifically, when CaCO₃ was used as additive with Ca/Cl=1.3, HCl removal efficiency was 5.49% under pyrolysis condition, but that was only 4.24% under combustion condition. Fifth, under the same Ca/Cl molar ratio, HCl removal efficiency for PVC was higher than that for medical waste under both pyrolysis and combustion condition, more specifically, when Ca(OH)₂ was used as additive with Ca/Cl=1, HCl removal efficiency was 64.51% for PVC, but that was only 27.66% for medical waste pyrolysis with 4% Cl under pyrolysis condition.     

危险废物回转式流化冷渣多段焚烧系统焚烧特性研究

危险废物的处理和处置是摆在我国各级市政府面前的紧迫任务。然而我国已经运行的危险废物焚烧装置普遍存在回转窑挂壁结渣、热灼减率偏高和污染排放超标等问题,作者通过将回转窑和流化床特点相结合的方法提出了一种新型危险废物回转式流化冷渣多段焚烧处置装置。该装置采用回转窑(一燃室)、二燃室和流化床结合的热解-流化焚烧工艺,特别是采用控制窑头温度避免了回转窑挂壁结渣;采用流化冷渣装置延长未燃烬渣的焚烧时间,解决了热灼减率偏高问题;水冷式烟气急冷装置可以将烟气温度从1 100℃降到200℃,防止了二恶英的尾部低温再生成。该系统运行稳定可靠,可以处理医疗垃圾和大多数的固态和液态危险废物,实现了烟气污染物尤其是二恶英排放达到国家标准的目标。同时对该系统运行时窑头温度分布、二燃室炉膛出口氧量变化、回转窑和炉膛升温特性、燃烧室外壁温度分布等几方面运行数据都进行了详细的介绍,为危险废物焚烧炉的运行提供了宝贵的经验数据。     

矿井水中微量乳化油处理试验研究

矿井水中存在的生量乳化油污染制约了其资源化程度，对它的处理已日益受到人们的重视。通过对多种吸附剂进行实验室试验。结果表明：状状活性炭有较好的吸附处理效果，并且对影响其吸附效果的有关因素进行了研究，在优化吸附条件下，通过投加混凝剂可使乳化油去除率达８５％以上。