Thermal behavior characteristics of Adhesive residue

Solid wastes from organic Adhesive production are identified as toxicant hazardous wastes in China’s National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes. The aim of this study is analyzing the thermal behavior of Adhesive residue. Its pyrolysis and combustion characteristics were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experiments were carried out in the temperature range of 50–950 °C in both nitrogen and air. The results indicate that combustion under these experimental conditions largely occurs between 210 and 410 °C, whereas pyrolysis proceeds between 260 and 430 °C. Almost all weight lost takes place before 430 °C during both pyrolysis and combustion of the residue. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the emission characteristics during pyrolysis. When the sample is heated in an inert atmosphere, the evolution of volatiles starts around 260 °C, and reaches a peak rate at 394 °C. Most organic products evolve in a narrow temperature range during pyrolysis. The evolving gaseous products were identified as Butyraldehyde, Ether, Acetonitrile and CO₂, accompanied with some CO.     

城市生活垃圾典型组分的热解动力学模型研究

对城市生活垃圾中的典型组分进行热重特性试验，根据热失重曲线得出了反应力学参数及反应速率控制方程，进而提出了一个通用的反应速率函数式，提出热解指数这个指标来表征垃圾的热解特性。结果表明：１．垃圾组分中，塑料、橡胶、植物类厨余热解符合三段模型，其余组分符合二段热解模型，在不同的温度范围内，热解的反应机理是不同的，且反应动力学参数也不相同。２．同一种组分，影响其反应速率的主要因素是反应动力学常数，升温速     

废柴油再生工艺的研究

以石油破乳剂DPA2 0 3 1为絮凝剂、活性白土为吸附剂 ,经絮凝、吸附再生处理了废柴油。考察了影响絮凝、吸附的各种因素。确定最佳絮凝条件 :温度 80℃、混合时间 45min、10 0g废柴油所需石油破乳剂 2 g ;净化油收率 82 %、透光率 3 9 5 %。最佳吸附条件 :每 10 0 g净化油活性白土用量 15g、硅酸钠 3 g、温度 75℃、时间 40min ;精制油收率 89%、透光率 83 %。精制油的一些理化指标符合国家标准     

不同楼梯布局条件下行人疏散效果仿真研究

为研究不同楼梯类型的行人疏散效果，改进传统社会力模型，模拟4种常见梯形中行人的疏散过程，并通过总疏散时间和平均疏散速度指标以及微观速度密度分布图分析其疏散效果中存在的内在物理机制。研究表明:从安全和高效疏散角度上看，在限定空间中，单跑无平台梯形布局有利于低密度人群下人员的快速疏散；在中、高密度人群中，双分梯形的分流特点更有利于人员安全、快速疏散。从微观密度、速度分布图可看到这4种梯形在人员疏散过程中均易造成人员聚集拥堵，但发生事故风险的位置不同。单跑有、无平台梯形在楼梯上端和下端均易发生拥堵，且此时速度值大，发生事故的风险高；双分与双跑梯形在楼梯与平台的转角处易发生拥堵。     

Characterisation of PM10 atmospheric aerosols for the wet season 2005 at two sites in East Africa

Ambient daily PM₁₀ aerosol samples were collected at two sites in Tanzania in May and June 2005 (during the wet season), and their chemical characteristics were studied. The sites were a rural site in Morogoro and an urban kerbside site in Dar es Salaam. A Gent PM₁₀ stacked filter unit sampler with sequential Nuclepore polycarbonate filters, providing fine and coarse size fractions, and a PM₁₀ sampler with quartz fibre filters were deployed. Parallel collections of 24 h were made with the two samplers and the number of these collections was 13 in Morogoro and 16 in Dar es Salaam. The average mass concentration of PM₁₀ was 27 ± 11 μg/m³ in Morogoro and 51 ± 21 μg/m³ in Dar es Salaam. In Morogoro, the mean concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were 6.8, 0.51, and 2.8 μg/m³, respectively. In contrast, higher mean concentrations (11.9, 4.6, and 3.3 μg/m³, respectively) were obtained for Dar es Salaam. At both sites, species and elements, such as black carbon, NH₄⁺, non-sea-salt SO₄^2?, K, and Ni (and at Dar es Salaam also V, As, Br, and Pb) were mainly present in the fine size fraction. The common crustal and sea-salt elements, including Na, Mg, Al, Si, Cl, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, and Sr, and also NO₃^? and P (and to a lesser extent Cu and Zn) were concentrated in the coarse particles. Aerosol chemical mass closure indicated that the PM₁₀ mass in Morogoro consisted, on average, of 48% organic matter (OM), 44% crustal matter, 4% sea salt, and 2% EC, while in Dar es Salaam OM, crustal matter, sea salt, and EC represented 37%, 32%, 9%, and 9% of the PM₁₀ mass. The contributions of the secondary inorganic aerosol (non-sea-salt sulphate, nitrate, and ammonium) were small, i.e., only 5% in total at each site. Carbonaceous materials and crustal matter were thus the most important components of the PM₁₀ mass. It is suggested that biomass burning is a major contributor to the OM; at Dar es Salaam there is also a very substantial contribution from traffic. A source apportionment calculation indicated that 68% of the OC at this site originated from traffic exhaust versus 32% from charcoal burning. The crustal matter at Morogoro is likely mainly attributable to soil dust resuspension, whereas in Dar es Salaam it is likely mostly resuspended road dust.     

矿井水中微量油测试的几个问题探讨

矿井水中的油由于含量较低且水质特殊，一般较难测准。本文提出了在测试矿井水中微量油时存在的一些问题，如分析方法的选择、标准油、空白水样及水中悬浮物对测试结果的影响等，并提出了解决这些问题的措施。     

螯合剂与水泥协同稳定垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属

开展了水泥和螯合剂协同处置全烧垃圾循环流化床炉飞灰的研究,并对经济性进行了分析.实验结果表明,当水泥添加比例为30%时,重金属的浸出毒性均低于生活垃圾填埋污染物控制标准的规定.有机硫螯合剂TMT(三巯基均三嗪三钠盐类)对Cu、Pb、Cd的稳定效果最好,有机硫螯合剂DTCR(二硫代氨基甲酸盐衍生物)以Cu、Pb最佳,同等有效添加量时TMT的稳定效果优于DTCR,完全达标时二者所需的添加量分别为2%和3%.水泥和螯合剂协同处置时,满足生活垃圾填埋标准的水泥和螯合剂之间的用量关系并非为线性.螯合剂在实现减容化的同时,存在成本提高的问题,以DTCR为例,在兼顾经济性和增容性时水泥用量可以控制在20%,稳定剂为1.75%.     

矿井水中微量乳化油处理试验研究

矿井水中存在的生量乳化油污染制约了其资源化程度，对它的处理已日益受到人们的重视。通过对多种吸附剂进行实验室试验。结果表明：状状活性炭有较好的吸附处理效果，并且对影响其吸附效果的有关因素进行了研究，在优化吸附条件下，通过投加混凝剂可使乳化油去除率达８５％以上。     

海洋酸化对鱼类感觉和行为影响的研究进展

海洋酸化是指大气增多的二氧化碳(CO2)溶解于海水而导致海水p H值降低的过程。海洋酸化将改变海水碳酸盐平衡体系,使依赖于原化学环境的多种海洋生物乃至生态系统面临巨大威胁。海洋酸化对钙质生物影响的研究最早引起大家关注,而海洋鱼类具有较完善的酸碱调节机制,大家普遍认为酸化对其影响不大。但在过去的5年中,不少实验证明海洋酸化会影响海洋鱼类仔稚鱼的感觉和行为,减弱其野外的生存能力及增加被捕食率,很可能将威胁自然种群补给量和影响全球的渔业资源量。本文从嗅觉、听觉、视觉及高级意识和相关行为角度,综述近几年海洋酸化对鱼类感觉和行为影响的研究进展,介绍了鱼类神经行为生物学的研究,为全面了解和预测海洋酸化的生态、经济和社会效应提供科学依据。     

双金属成形的冷焊工艺与应用

本文对用于双金属零件制造的冷焊工艺进行了介绍,同时例举了一些冷焊工艺在工业当中的应用.