Long-term observation of air pollution-weather/climate interactions at the SORPES station: a review and outlook

This work presents an overall introduction to the Station for Observing Regional Processes of the Earth System–SORPES in Nanjing, East China, and gives an overview about main scientific findings in studies of air pollution-weather/climate interactions obtained since 2011. The main results summarized in this paper include overall characteristics of trace gases and aerosols, chemical transformation mechanisms for secondary pollutants like O₃, HONO and secondary inorganic aerosols, and the air pollution–weather/climate interactions and feedbacks in mixed air pollution plumes from sources like fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and dust storms. The future outlook of the development plan on instrumentation, networking and data-sharing for the SORPES station is also discussed.

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Trends in per capita ecological footprint and biocapacity in China 1949–2013

This paper proposes two concepts: the ecological footprint component index(EFCI) and the biocapacity component index(BCCI), based on the ecological footprint(EF) and Shannon entropy approaches. Per capita EFCI and BCCI in China 1949-2013 are analyzed using empirical mode decomposition(EMD). Nonlinear models of per capita EFCI and BCCI in China 1949-2013 are presented and their cycles and predictions from 2014 to 2023 are analyzed. The results over the last 65 years show:(1) EFCI in China has increased constantly with fluctuations, while BCCI has slowly decreased. Their annual change rates are 2.81% and-1.26%, respectively. The increasing EFCI indicates a gradual improvement in China's sustainable development potential; the decreasing BCCI indicates severe environmental and population challenges.(2) The cycles of per capita EFCI have periods of 5.4 and 16.3 years, while cycles of per capita BCCI have periods of 3.6, 13,and 21.7 years. The predictive models indicate that EFCI will first decrease, reaching 0.02725 in2014, and will subsequently increase to 0.03261 in 2021. BCCI will increase, reaching 0.01365 in2014 and 0.01541 in 2022. EFCI and BCCI will reach 0.03037 and 0.01537, respectively, in 2023.Policymakers should ensure that the EFCI and BCCI increase in 2023.     

中国城市生活垃圾燃烧的特性

根据我国23个主要城市约40组垃圾的统计数据(包括元素分析和工业分析及组分分析),较好地拟合了生活垃圾净热值、垃圾焚烧理论空气量的计算公式;在此基础上研究了垃圾净热值与绝热火焰温度的数学关系,进而分析了垃圾单独焚烧(无辅助燃料)所需的临界热值及过剩空气率、预热空气温度等参数对临界热值的影响.本研究为了解垃圾的燃烧特性及垃圾的焚烧利用提供分析依据.     

框架锚杆支护多年冻土边坡的稳定性计算方法

为了给出更符合工程实际的冻土边坡稳定性计算方法,通过考察青藏高原地区多年冻土边坡滑移实例、分析其破坏类型和影响因素,提出了高陡边坡的冻融折线型滑移面,基于热平衡理论和莫尔-库伦强度理论给出了折线型的滑移面确定方法;考虑土体在冻融循环作用下抗剪强度损伤、滑移面上水的渗流作用以及气温变暖三种因素,给出了框架锚杆支护多年冻土区高陡边坡的稳定性计算方法。算例分析表明:利用直线型滑面计算的多年冻土边坡稳定性系数比折线型滑移面更小,容易造成保守设计,使用折线型滑移面更为经济;边坡开挖后10a内,冻融循环作用对稳定性的发展趋势起主导作用,10a后气温变暖发挥主要作用,渗流作用对边坡稳定性的影响较为显著,对稳定性发展趋势没有影响,但三种因素都应当在工程设计中考虑。     

Thermogravimetric coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis study on thermal treatment of monopotassium phosphate residue

In China, safe disposal of hazardous waste is more and more a necessity, urged by rapid economic development. The pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of a residue from producing monopotassium phosphate (monopotassium phosphate residue), considered as a hazardous waste, were studied using a thermogravimetric, coupled with Fourier transform infrared analyzer (TG-FTIR). Both pyrolysis and combustion runs can be subdivided into three stages: drying, thermal decomposition, and final devolatilization. The average weight loss rate during fast thermal decomposition stage in pyrolysis is higher than combustion. Acetic acid, methane, pentane, (acetyl) cyclopropane, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, CO, and CO₂ were distinguished in the pyrolysis process, while CO₂ was the dominant combustion product.     

载银TiO2催化剂的制备与性能研究

本文是采用负载金属银对TiO2改性后得到了载银TiO2,利用不同反应时间的胭脂红降解率反映光催化氧化反应的速率,结果表明,载银TiO2比TiO2的催化反应速率提高了3倍.通过实验确定最佳含银量和催化剂最佳投加量,并讨论了载银TiO2的催化机理,提出了制取载银TiO2催化剂的方法.     

UniFed SBR工艺除磷脱氮机理研究

采用UniFed SBR工艺试验装置处理实际生活污水,确定了出水不受进水扰动影响的合适排水比.当将进水/排水时间固定为2 h,排水比不高于41.67%时,可以实现进水与出水的分离,保证良好的出水水质.通过试验分析了UniFed SBR工艺的除磷脱氮机理在于:进水/排水阶段在反应池底部先后发生了反硝化作用和厌氧释磷反应,后续曝气阶段发生硝化作用和好氧吸磷,因此通过该工艺,可实现同步除磷脱氮.     

Response of organic aerosol characteristics to emission reduction in Yangtze River Delta region

● The emission reduction causes significant change in organic aerosol composition. ● The atmospheric oxidizing capacity improved during emission reduction. ● The mixed oxygenated organic aerosol contributed higher during emission reduction. Organic aerosol (OA) is a major component of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with complex composition and formation processes influenced by various factors. Emission reduction can alter both precursors and oxidants which further affects secondary OA formation. Here we provide an observational analysis of secondary OA (SOA) variation properties in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of eastern China in response to large scale of emission reduction during Chinese New Year (CNY) holidays from 2015 to 2020, and the COVID-19 pandemic period from January to March, 2020. We found a 17% increase of SOA proportion during the COVID lockdown. The relative enrichment of SOA is also found during multi-year CNY holidays with dramatic reduction of anthropogenic emissions. Two types of oxygenated OA (OOA) influenced by mixed emissions and SOA formation were found to be the dominant components during the lockdown in YRD region. Our results highlight that these emission-reduction-induced changes in organic aerosol need to be considered in the future to optimize air pollution control measures.     

全烧垃圾流化床炉飞灰制备免烧砖的性能研究

开展了水泥固化全烧垃圾循环流化床焚烧炉飞灰特性及其制备免烧砖的研究.同时,分析了飞灰的特性,研究了水泥用量对砖体抗压强度和重金属浸出毒性的影响,并对固化前后飞灰在不同p H值溶液环境下的重金属渗滤特性和基于改进RCR连续提取法的重金属形态分布进行了对比研究.结果表明:飞灰中Cd、Cu、Pb、Ni的浸出浓度分别达到1.76、60.29、5.36、1.48 mg·L-1,远超出生活垃圾填埋标准的规定,Cd、Zn、Cu的酸可交换态部分很高,分别为48%、21.26%、20.72%.水泥基材具有良好的稳定效果,添加量达到30%时,免烧砖中重金属的浸出毒性已远低于标准值.随着水泥掺量的提高,免烧砖的抗压强度呈上升趋势,当水泥比例为30%时,强度可达到12.8 MPa,35%水泥比例的砖体,其抗压强度则达到国标建筑用砖的MU15级.与原始飞灰相比,砖体中重金属在不同渗滤液p H下的浸出趋势并未改变,浸出量却显著下降,p H的适应范围变宽.另外,重金属中酸可交换态部分降至低于1%,主要转变成了可还原态,对环境的污染风险大幅降低.