印尼8.7级和8.5级强震后江苏体应变同震效应分析

2004年12月26日和2005年3月29日在印尼苏门答腊北部分别发生8.7级和8.5级强烈地震后,对江苏地区前兆体应变资料进行分析发现,在这两次地震的震后都记录到了显著的异常,且异常的表现形式各不相同。本文列出这些异常并浅析,以期对进一步深入研究印尼大震对我国未来地震趋势的影响有所帮助。     

抚顺市空气可吸入颗粒物特征的研究

于2002年1～7月份在抚顺市区四个点位采集了环境空气中的可吸入颗粒物样品，经分析后获得了可吸入颗粒物组分的时间分布和空间分布特征，即采暖期PM10样品中有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）的绝对含量和相对含量均高于非采暖期，工业区PM10样品中的Fe、Zn、Pb的绝对含量和相对含量均明显高于其它点位，反映了其工业区的特点。     

Selectivity in the complexation of actinides by humic substances

The interactions of a range of actinide elements (Th, U, Np, Pu, Am) with humic substances from the Needle's Eye natural analogue site were studied by gel permeation chromatography. Bulk humic substances were isolated by ammonia extraction, followed by dialysis against distilled water and freeze-drying. The gel permeation results suggest that Needle's Eye humic substances can be fractionated into three incompletely resolved fractions with average molecular weights determined by analytical ultracentrifugation around 49 000 for Fraction 1, around 14 700 for Fraction 2 and around 8000 for Fraction 3. Although there are significant differences between the organic matter elution patterns in individual gel permeation experiments, presumably due to differences in column packing, these are much smaller than the differences between metal ions. The uranium that is naturally present in these humic substances is largely bound in the late-eluting fraction. Spikes of the early actinides, including Np and Pu in controlled valency states, have been added to the humic substances, and gel permeation of the spiked humic substances shows that the three humic fractions vary greatly in their effectiveness and selectivity as ligands for early actinides.     

Lemna minor membranes affected by adjuvants

The perturbant effects of four Triton adjuvants, namely Triton X-15, X-35, X-100, and X-114 (alkyl aryl polyether alcohols), on some of the biochemical determinants of membrane integrity were determined under laboratory conditions. Two of these, Triton X-100 and X-114, are currently being assessed as emulsifiers for use in fenitrothion insecticidal formulations. Lemna minor L. plants were exposed to 40 microM (10-25 microg ml(-1) in 965 microg mg(-1) Dowanol (tripropylene glycol methyl ether) carrier solvent) adjuvant for a treatment time period of two weeks. A decrease in the contents of the total phospholipids and a concomitant increase in the contents of the galactolipids were found. No change was observed in the total lipid content. An unsaturation occurred in the fatty acids of the total lipids, phospholipids, and monogalactosyl diacylglycerides. This accounted for a significant decrease in palmitic and stearic acids and a concomitant increase in oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids when these are compared with the fatty acids in the nontreated control sets. The fatty-acid profile of the digalactosyl diacylglycerides, however, differed only slightly from controls. Membrane-fatty-acid unsaturation suggests the possibility of a desaturase enzyme's being induced by these adjuvants.     

青藏高原多年冻土区铁路路堤变形特征研究

路堤的稳定是公路、铁路等行车安全的保证。路堤变形通过路基—轨道—车辆大系统的相互作用而影响行车安全。冻胀、融沉是多年冻土地区路堤变形的重要形式。多年冻土区的路基变形问题是至今仍未彻底解决的一大难题。青藏铁路穿越 5 5 0km多年冻土区 ,为研究多年冻土区路堤变形特征 ,笔者对青藏铁路某试验段进行变形监测并对监测数据进行分析。结果表明铁路路堤的修建改变了多年冻土原来的水热平衡 ,天然冻土上限的变化导致路堤产生变形。同时 ,变形特征还受路堤边坡的坡向、降水量和地基土类型等因素的制约。在此基础上 ,提出几点减少多年冻土区铁路路堤变形的一些看法和建议。     

溶济萃取法处理含硫酸及硫酸盐的废水

采用溶剂萃取法处理含硫酸及硫酸盐的工业废水，主产优质农用硫酸钾，副产氯化铵和氮钾复合肥，整个工艺过程基本无三废排放，实现了对该废水的综合有效治理。     

过滤捕集法处理含DEP雾废气的研究

为了探讨玻璃纤维过滤器处理含DEP雾废气的效率问题,在实验室进行了DEP雾去除实验。考查了不同气体入口浓度、过滤流速下玻璃纤维过滤捕集装置对含DEP雾废气的净化能力,结果表明:利用玻璃纤维过滤器去除DEP雾,在DEP雾粒径主要分布为0.48～3.4μm之间,DEP雾浓度小于220 mg/m3,过滤流速小于10 cm/s情况下,玻璃纤维过滤器对DEP雾的去除率大于99%,最大气体流量下的压力降小于1610Pa;同时对含油(酸)雾废气除雾效果好,特别是对于粒径特别细微的油(酸)雾,捕集效率也很高,还可回收利用,不会产生二次污染。     

钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震性能的试验研究之一——试验概况及试验结果

针对铁路桥梁中使用量最大、应用最广泛的单柱式桥墩 ,通过 2 4根大比例的桥墩模型的伪静力试验 ,研究了其延性抗震性能。通过对试验数据的分析 ,研究了这类桥墩的力—位移关系、滞回模式等变化规律。笔者对钢筋混凝土桥墩模型的动力抗震试验进行研究 ,其思路和方法 ,对提高和改善此类桥墩的抗震性、安全性以及工程抗震设计都是十分有益的。     

钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震性能的试验研究之二 试验结果分析与结论

笔者针对前文所述试验中出现的破坏现象和试验数据 ,通过统计分析 ,研究了该类桥墩的力—位移关系、延性变形能力、抗力特性、滞回模式、耗能指标、损伤破坏模式 ,以及配筋率、箍筋布置、剪跨比等结构参量对该类参数的影响 ,进而为实际铁路桥梁的延性抗震设计提供了必要的试验依据