荷电超滤膜的研究：Ⅰ.氯甲基化聚砜超滤膜的研究

膜材料本身的性质是决定膜性能的主要因素，对于荷电超滤膜，荷电性和荷电程度对膜性能有较大的影响，本文研究了含氯量对氯甲基化聚砜超滤膜性能的影响，就有关制膜条件对膜的物理性能和电性能的影响也进行了研究。     

黄红壤上烟草对钾的反应及种烟后土壤钾的变化

黄红壤上烟草对钾的反应及种烟后土壤钾的变化马友华，李道林，陈邦本，方明（安徽农业大学土化系，合肥２３００３６）（南京农业大学资环系）我国南方亚热带的红壤是我国植烟面积较大的土类，适用于种植各种类型的烟草［１］。烟草是喜钾作物，近年来我国南方在烟草种植...     

A roadmap for the conservation of freshwater mussels in Europe

Europe has a long history of human pressure on freshwater ecosystems. As pressure continues to grow and new threats emerge, there is an urgent need for conservation of freshwater biodiversity and its ecosystem services. However, whilst some taxonomic groups, mainly vertebrates, have received a disproportionate amount of attention and funds, other groups remain largely off the public and scientific radar. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) are an alarming example of this conservation bias and here we point out six conceptual areas that need immediate and long-term attention: knowledge, threats, socioeconomics, conservation, governance and education. The proposed roadmap aims to advance research, policy and education by identifying the most pressing priorities for the short- and long-term conservation of freshwater mussels across Europe.     

Electricity generation from cattle dung using microbial fuel cell technology during anaerobic acidogenesis and the development of microbial populations

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed to investigate the possible generation of electricity using cattle dung as a substrate. After 30 days of operation, stable electricity was generated, and the maximum volumetric power density was 0.220 W/m(3). The total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal and coulombic efficiency (CE) of the MFC reached 73.9±1.8% and 2.79±0.6%, respectively, after 120 days of operation. Acetate was the main metabolite in the anolyte, and other volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (propionate and butyrate) were present in minor amounts. The PCR-DGGE analysis indicated that the following five groups of microbes were present: Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the sample; specifically, 36.3% and 24.2% of the sequences obtained were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, respectively. Clostridium sp., Pseudomonas luteola and Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense were the most dominant groups during the electricity generation process. The diversity of archaea dramatically decreased after 20 days of operation. The detected archaea were hydrogenotrophic methanogens, and the Methanobacterium genus disappeared during the periods of stable electricity generation via acidogenesis.     

Preparation and Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Using N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)formamide as a New Additive

N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)formamide (HF) was synthesized efficiently and used as a new additive to prepare thermoplastic starch/montmorillonite nanocomposite (TPS/MMT). Here, HF acted as both plasticizer for TPS and swelling agent for MMT. The hydrogen bond interaction among HF, starch and MMT was proven by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. By scanning electron microscope (SEM), starch granules were completely disrupted. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated that partially exfoliated TPS/MMT nanocomposite was formed. The crystallinity of corn starch, MMT, HF-plasticized TPS (HTPS) and TPS/MMT nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal stability of HTPS and TPS/MMT was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The water resistance of TPS/MMT nanocomposite increased compared with that of pure HTPS. Tensile strengths of TPS/MMT nanocomposites were higher than those of HTPS, but just the reverse for elongations at break.     

基于最小累积阻力模型的贵阳市景观生态安全格局构建

贵阳市是我国典型的喀斯特地区,水土流失严重,生态环境脆弱。在生态重要性、景观连通性和生态需求分析的基础上进行生态源地识别,根据土地覆被状况、人为干扰程度和夜间灯光数据构建了生态阻力面,基于最小累积阻力模型识别生态廊道网络,在此基础上构建了贵阳市域和市区的景观生态安全格局。结果表明:(1)贵阳市最重要和重要生态斑块总面积5 393.43 km2,主要分布在西部和北部;生态用地斑块的景观连通度总体较高,其中园地最好,林地最差;生态需求较高的区域主要分布在人口密集的城市建成区周边。生态源地占总面积的18.56%,集中分布于北部及西南部红枫湖、百花湖等区域;(2)贵阳市生态廊道总长为933.58 km,其中关键廊道长287.6 km,沿东北向西南方向延伸。现状廊道遍布市域,主要为河流水系;潜在廊道和关键廊道98%都为林地,主要分布于北部和西部生态环境较好的山地丘陵区;(3)市区景观生态安全格局中,生态源地主要集中在百花湖、红枫湖、香纸沟、相思河等风景区,花溪湿地和南明河作为市区关键廊道纵贯南北。最后,在此基础上提出了"保护和建设并重、区县间统一规划的"生态系统管理对策,为贵阳市生态环境建设提供切实可行的科学指导。     

A double‐edged sword: The moderating role of conscientiousness in the relationships between work stressors,psychological strain,and job performance

Although conscientiousness was commonly viewed as a type of personal resource to help individuals reduce strain or mitigate the impacts of stressors, empirical research demonstrated mixed results. Based on the personal resource allocation perspective, we posited that rather than functioning as personal resource per se, conscientiousness may act as a key factor influencing how individuals allocate their personal resources. The current study examined the moderating roles of conscientiousness in the relationships that work stressors (i.e., challenge stressors and hindrance stressors) have with employee psychological strain and job performance by using multi‐source, time‐lagged data collected from 250 employees working at two companies. The results showed that both challenge stressors and hindrance stressors were positively related to psychological strain. Conscientiousness moderated the relationships between both stressors and psychological strain, such that the positive relationships were stronger for individuals with high conscientiousness. Conscientiousness also moderated the relationship between challenge stressors and performance, such that the relationship was positive for individuals with high conscientiousness but negative for those with low conscientiousness. Altogether, the findings suggest that conscientiousness acts as a double‐edged sword that both promotes performance and exacerbates the stress reaction of employees when they are confronted with stressful situations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

便携式空调系统研究

在炎热环境中,便携式空调系统可以对人的身体进行冷热调节,创造一种微气候环境。根据Natick士兵中心研究结果:只要提供300 W制冷量就能满足一个人的热负荷需求。北京工业大学研制了微型蒸汽压缩制冷系统作为便携式空调的冷源,微型制冷系统的制冷量为300 W,重量为2．85 kg,几何尺寸为270 mm×260 mm×120 mm。采用强化传热措施及轻质材料来减小微型制冷系统的重量及体积。     

合并财务报表的合并理论与合并范围分析

《合并财务报表》会计准则的发布，使企业集团合并财务报表的编制更加规范。本文主要分析了该准则的合并理论和合并范围，指出合并理论应侧重实体理论，合并范围应强调实质性控制。