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101.
S Uno A Shintoyo E Kokushi M Yamamoto K Nakayama J Koyama 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2595-2605
Purpose
We evaluate malathion toxicity to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) juveniles by using a mass spectrometry combined with gas chromatography (GC/MS) metabolomics approach.Methods
Medaka were exposed to low (L) and high (H) concentrations (nominally 20 and 2,000 ??g/L, respectively) of water-borne malathion. Metabolites were extracted from the fish, derivatized, and analyzed by GC/MS. Identified metabolites were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and principal component analysis (PCA). We examined the variations in the amounts of the metabolites during the exposure period.Results and discussion
At 24 h, control, L, and H groups were separated along PC1, suggesting that the effects of malathion depended on exposure concentration. The PCA results at 96 h suggest that the metabolite profiles variations of the L and H groups differed, and thus that the effects of malathion in groups differed. At 24 h, the amounts of amino acids in both exposed groups were lower than the control group amounts, perhaps owing to accelerated protein synthesis. At 96 h, the amounts of almost all the amino acids increased in the L group but decreased in the H group relative to the control group amounts, suggesting the proteolysis occurred in the L group while protein synthesis continued in the H group, that the high malathion exposure affected the fish. In addition, at 96 h, gluconeogenesis may have been induced in the L group but not in H group.Conclusions
Malathion exposure may have altered the balance between protein synthesis and degradation and induced gluconeogenesis in medaka. Our results suggest that metabolomics will be useful for comprehensive evaluation of toxicity. 相似文献102.
H Yamashita R Haribowo M Sekine N Oda A Kanno Y Shimono W Shitao T Higuchi T Imai K Yamamoto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2581-2594
The aim of the present study was to show a relationship between toxicity of 100-fold concentrated water and aquatic habitat conditions. Environmental waters are 100-fold concentrated with solid-phase extraction. Medaka early fry was exposed in these waters for 48 h. The number of death and disorder was counted at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h; toxicity was expressed using inverse median effect time and median lethal time (ET (50)(-1), LT (50)(-1)). Average score per taxon (ASPT) for benthic animals and Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) for fish were applied as indices of aquatic habitat conditions. The results of toxicity test were compared using ASPT and IBI. The different levels of toxicity were detected in the seawater of Japan. At the Husino River area, toxicity cannot be detected. In rivers, high toxicity appeared at urban districts without sewerage. By Spearman coefficient, the relationship between toxicity and high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were obtained. BOD household wastewater contains hydrophobic toxic matters; otherwise, seawater in industrial area does not show clear relationship between toxicity and chemical oxygen demand. Gas chromatography to mass spectrometry simultaneous analysis database may give an answer for the source of toxicity, but further test is required. Ratio of clear stream benthic animal sharply decreased over 0.25 of LT (50)(-1) or 0.5 of ET (50)(-1). Tolerant fish becomes dominant over 0.3 of LT (50)(-1) or 0.5-1.0 of ET (50)(-1). By Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, correlation coefficient between toxicity and ASPT was obtained at -0.773 (ET (50)(-1)) and -0.742 (LT (50)(-1)) at 1 % level of significance with a high negative correlation. Toxicity (LT (50)(-1) ) has strong correlation with the ratio of tolerant species. By Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, correlation coefficient between toxicity and IBI obtained were -0.155 (ET (50)(-1)) and -0.190 (LT (50)(-1)) at 1 % level of significance and has a low or no correlation between toxicity and IBI. Even with low toxic environmental waters, toxicity test using 100-fold concentrated and medaka early fly could detect acute toxicity. The detected toxicity seemed to limit the inhabiting aquatic species in the water body. 相似文献
103.
104.
Norio Miyamoto Tomoko Yamamoto Yoichi Yusa Yoshihiro Fujiwara 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2013,100(3):285-289
Bone-eating worms of the genus Osedax exclusively inhabit sunken vertebrate bones on the seafloor. The unique lifestyle and morphology of Osedax spp. have received much scientific attention, but the whole process of their development has not been observed. We herein report the postembryonic development and settlement of Osedax japonicus Fujikura et al. (Zool Sci 23:733–740, 2006). Fertilised eggs were spawned into the mucus of a female, and the larvae swam out from the mucus at the trochophore stage. Larvae survived for 10 days under laboratory conditions. The larvae settled on bones, elongated their bodies and crawled around on the bones. Then they secreted mucus to create a tube and the palps started to develop. The palps of O. japonicus arose from the prostomium, whereas the anterior appendages of other siboglinids arose from the peristomium. The recruitment of dwarf males was induced by rearing larvae with adult females. Females started to spawn eggs 6 weeks after settlement. 相似文献
105.
106.
Faridullah Irshad M Yamamoto S Honna T Eneji AE 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(1):265-271
For safe and sustainable management of poultry litter, it is important to evaluate and understand the chemical forms and concentrations of their constituent trace elements during treatment for disposal. This experiment was carried out to compare changes in metal (Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb and Ni) fractions in chicken and duck litter after incineration at temperatures ranging from 200 to 900 degrees C. The metals were stepwise fractionated into exchangeable, adsorbed, organically bound, carbonate precipitated and residual forms by extracting with 0.5M KNO3, de-ionized water, 0.5M NaOH, 0.05M Na2 EDTA and 4M HNO3, respectively. The content of total metal and other elements (i.e., Ca, Mg and K) were was also determined. Results showed an increasing trend in the total concentrations of metals with increasing temperature with higher amounts in chicken litter ash (CLA) than duck litter ash (DLA). Higher temperatures significantly reduced the levels of H2O-soluble Mn, Zn and Ni and enhanced those of Cu and Pb. The metal fractions extracted by EDTA and HNO3 increased directly with increasing temperature while the fraction extracted with KNO3 and NaOH decreased with ashing. For Cu, Mn, Pb and Ni, the amount extracted varied in the order EDTA>HNO3>NaOH>KNO3>H2O, but the absolute amounts differed between CLA and DLA. Peak concentrations of the total metals were achieved at the highest burning temperature. The amount of H2O soluble Ca and Mg decreased and K increased in both CLA and DLA with temperature. Total and exchangeable forms of cations increased with increasing temperature. Total Ca was highest in DLA, whereas total Mg and K were higher in CLA. This study indicated that incinerating poultry litter before soil application may have mixed effects on the vulnerable metal fractions by increasing or decreasing some fractions, depending on poultry type. 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
Reduction of dioxin emission by a quench reactor with lime spray was investigated in relation to post furnace formation pathways. Results showed that the quench reactor performed to supress post furnace reaction of precursor molecules to form selected congeners of PCDD and PCDF. 相似文献
110.
Asako Nishijima Jun Nakatani Kazuo Yamamoto Fumiyuki Nakajima 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2012,14(1):52-64
Many life cycle assessment studies have evaluated and compared the environmental performance of various technologies for recycling
plastic containers and packaging in Japan and other countries. However, no studies have evaluated the combination of recycling
technologies in consideration of the resin composition in terms of the quantity of each recycled product so as to maximize
their environmental potential. In this study, 27 scenarios of recycling schemes for household waste plastic containers and
packaging are developed through integrating a conventional recycling scheme with additional recycling schemes. The conventional
recycling scheme involves municipal curbside collection and either the material recycling or feedstock recycling of waste
plastics. The additional recycling schemes are feedstock recycling in steel works of the residue from conventional material
recycling processes, and corporate voluntary collection and independent material recycling of specific types of plastic trays.
Life cycle assessment based on the modeling of recycling processes considering the resin composition in terms of the quantity
of each recycled product is applied to evaluate and compare these scenarios from the viewpoints of fossil resource consumption
and CO2 emission. The results show that the environmental loads are reduced in all scenarios including the additional recycling schemes
compared with the conventional recycling scheme. However, the independent plastic tray recycling scheme exhibits lower additional
environmental savings when the residue recycling scheme is integrated with the conventional material recycling scheme. This
is because both additional recycling schemes aim to utilize polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate, which would otherwise
be incinerated as residue from material recycling processes. The evaluation of the environmental loads of plastic recycling
with consideration of the resin composition in terms of the quantity of each recycled product makes it possible to investigate
recycling schemes that integrate different technologies to maximize their environmental potential. 相似文献