2013 — 2016年西安市臭氧时空变化特性与影响因素

臭氧污染主要是由前体物氮氧化物（NO_x）和挥发性有机物（VOC）的过量排放引起的,通过NO_x/?SO₂的比值可得知西安地区已经受到了光化学烟雾型污染的影响,大气中臭氧含量与NO_x的含量相关性较高;西安13个站点的8小时平均浓度分布变化大体可分为单峰变化和持续递减类型,浓度主要集中在0?—?90 μg???m^?3,不同站点臭氧含量相差较大;2013?—?2016年,高新西区臭氧超标天数最多,为146天,是超标天数最少的兴庆小区的2倍多。高浓度臭氧主要出现在高温度、低湿度、实时风向为东南风或南风的天气。此外,治理臭氧污染必须限制机动车尾气排放,同时研究表明来自秦岭的植物VOC对于西安臭氧浓度影响很大。     

南京夏季气溶胶吸湿增长因子和云凝结核的观测研究

为了更加全面地研究长三角地区气溶胶的理化特性,尤其是吸湿和活化特性,于2013年8月在南京市区对气溶胶的吸湿增长因子(GF)和云凝结核(CCN)展开相关观测研究.使用串联电迁移率颗粒物吸湿粒径分析仪(H-TDMA)观测32~350nm气溶胶在相对湿度为90%条件下的吸湿性参数,使用云凝结核计数器(CCNC)观测过饱和度在0.2%~0.8%的CCN数浓度.结果表明,不同气溶胶粒子的吸湿增长行为均表现出较为明显的双峰分布,即一个强吸湿模态和一个弱吸湿模态,且吸湿性在不同粒径(爱根核模态和积聚模态)上存在较为明显的不同,不溶性物质和二次气溶胶所占比重较大,并且在稳定的天气条件下,气溶胶的混合状态表现为由外混向内混发展的过程.观测期间该区域CCN的平均数浓度为13776(0.6%)cm-3,比沿海区、山区、干旱地区及清洁城市地区要高很多.其日变化表现为中午时刻出现峰值,影响因素主要与光化学反应有关.同时25日出现的轻雾过程对CCN有较为明显的清除作用.通过吸湿性参数计算得到的CCN数浓度和实际观测得到的CCN数浓度进行了闭合实验,结果显示出较好的相关性,表明将未饱和条件下观测得到的吸湿性参数带入到K?hler方程中,即可预测过饱和条件下气溶胶的活化能力.     

农药污染对蚯蚓的群落结构与超微结构影响的研究

报道了农药污染对蚯蚓的群落结构与超微结构影响的研究,结果表明：随着农药污染程度增加,蚯蚓的种类和数量则减少。超微结构在扫描电镜下可观察到重污染区壮伟环毛蚓（Pheretimarobusta）胃粘膜出现溃疡灶,并产生穿孔现象;在中污染区只有微绒毛萎缩病变;在重污染区发现肠粘膜上的纤毛发生紊乱及萎缩,纤毛顶端膨大呈球形。对精子观察可见在中污染区就出现了畸形精子。在透射电镜下观察可见重污染区壮伟环毛蚓胃肠道粘膜上皮细胞中的粗面内质网（RER）出现扩张,高尔基复合体也产生扩张状,线粒体发生肿胀,线粒体嵴消失呈空泡状。另可见细胞核膜间隙扩张、断裂,核染色质边集或减少,胞质呈大片空白。蚯蚓以上病变指标均能很灵敏反映土壤农药污染程度。     

Hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur oxidizing denitrification for advanced slaughterhouse wastewater treatment

The discharge of slau ghterhouse wastewater（SWW） is incre asing and its wastewater has to be treated thoroughly to avoid the eutrophication.The hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur autotrophic denitrification（IX-AD） process was developed to advanced treat SWW after traditional secondary biological process.Compared with traditional sulfur oxidizing denitrification（SOD）,this study found that IX-AD column showed:（1） stronger ability to resist NO₃^-pollution load,（2） low...     

稀土Ce掺杂SnSb复合涂层电极的实验研究

采用涂刷热分解氧化法,把无机盐SnCl4·5H2O、SbCl3和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O以一定的配比溶解在有机溶剂异丙醇中制备涂层液,以钛板为基体,制备多组分的涂层电极.考察了不同掺杂量下制备的电极对生活污水的处理效果,并对稀土Ce掺杂SnSb涂层进行了SEM表征,结果表明,在热处理温度为500℃、稀土掺杂量(原子质量比)为Sn∶Sb∶Ce=100∶10∶1的电极降解效果最好;稀土Ce的掺杂有利于锡锑金属氧化物涂层电极的电化学性能的提高.     

西部管道通过国家级自然保护区的环保对策研究 ──以通过甘肃省安西极旱荒漠国家自然保护区为例

西部管道工程需要通过安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区的试验区,该保护区有中亚荒漠最具代表性的植被类型,为保护试验区的植被,建设单位从源头保护开始做起,在施工组织设计、施工期环境管理和生态恢复上采取了一系列措施,确保了管道施工对区域环境的影响控制在预测的范围内,实现了生产和环境保护双赢。     

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.     

A method to extract algae toxin of microcystin-LR

A simple and low-cost method to obtain cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR(MC-LR) was developed. A new strain of Microcystis aeruginosa,named DC-1, producing microcystin-LR but not microcystin-RR, was separated from the field blooming algae samples of Dianchi Lake.in southwest of China. Following three times‘freeze and thaw treatment, the cultivated DC-cells were extracted with 40% methanol in water.The extract was centrifuged and the supernatant applied to a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance(HLB) SPE cartridge.Eluted impuries with a certain gradient from 30% to 50% methanol in water, MC-LR was finally eluted from the HLB cartridge with 60%.may be used in adsorption and biodegradation experiments instead of using expensive standard reagents.     

Development of analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in airborne particulates： A review

In the present work, the different sample collection, pretreatment and analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in airborne particulates is systematacially reviewed, and the applications of these pretreatment and analytical methods for PAHs are compared in detail. Some comments on the future expectation are also presented.     

化工园区生化出水氯代烃污染物的臭氧氧化降解

以化工园区污水处理厂生化出水为背景水样,考察了臭氧氧化对2,4,6-三氯酚、氯苯、1,2-二氯苯、对硝基氯苯、四氯酞酸5种特征氯代烃污染物的降解效果,并对其降解动力学进行了分析。实验结果表明:臭氧对2,4,6-三氯酚和氯苯的降解效果最好,反应30 min时的去除率均接近100%,其次为1,2-二氯苯和对硝基氯苯,反应30 min时的去除率分别为95.7%和36.0%,最差为四氯酞酸,反应30 min时的去除率仅为8.9%;臭氧对2,4,6-三氯酚和对硝基氯苯的降解符合零级动力学方程,对氯苯和1,2-二氯苯的降解符合一级动力学方程,对四氯酞酸的降解符合二级动力学方程。