Kinetic studies of O3 reactions with 3-bromopropene and 3-iodopropene in the temperature range 288–328 K

The kinetics of the reactions of O₃ with 3-bromopropene and 3-iodopropene has been studied over the temperature range of 288–328 K at atmospheric pressure. The results obtained for the room temperature rate constants are (1.88 ± 0.22) × 10^?18 and (3.52 ± 0.43) × 10^?18 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1, and the proposed Arrhenius expressions are k = (3.47 ± 1.28) × 10^?15 exp[(?2233 ± 110)/T] and k = (8.17 ± 2.12) × 10^?14 exp[(?2991 ± 80)/T] cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1 for 3-bromopropene and 3-iodopropene, respectively. The atmospheric chemical lifetimes of these two compounds with O₃ were also estimated from these values.     

薄膜负载型TiO_2光催化降解乙酸

利用TiCl_4水解法在玻璃表面制备纳米TiO_2光催化膜,考察了TiO_2光催化膜对乙酸光催化降解过程的影响因素.实验结果表明:使用活化温度为460℃、镀膜4次、表面积168 cm~2的TiO_2光催化膜处理500 mL0.667 mmoL/L的乙酸350 min时,乙酸降解率为80.0%,与等量TiO_2粉末相比光催化膜活性显著增加;当乙酸初始浓度c_0小于0.667 mmoL/L时,光催化降解过程可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程来描述;TiO_2膜连续使用5次(30 h)时的光催化活性基本不变;用质量分数为5%的HCl溶液浸泡失去活性的光催化膜1 h,TiO_2光催化膜的活性可完全恢复.     

Fine particulate (PM2.5) composition in Atlanta, USA: assessment of the particle concentrator-Brigham Young University organic sampling system, PC-BOSS, during the EPA supersite study

Aerosol concentrations of carbonaceous material, sulfate, and nitrate for samples obtained using a newly designed PC-BOSS are reported. The results indicated that PM_2.5 composition in Atlanta was dominated by sulfate and organic material, with low concentrations of particulate nitrate. Observed average particulate component concentrations for the 26-day study period were: sulfate, 12.2 μg/m³ (17.0 μg/m³ as ammonium sulfate); non-volatile organic material, 11.4 μg OM/m³ (assumes organic material, OM, is 61% C); semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) lost from particles during sampling, 5.3 μg OM/m³; filter retained nitrate, 0.1 μg/m³ (0.2 μg/m³ as ammonium nitrate); nitrate lost from particles, 0.3 μg/m³ (0.4 μg/m³ as ammonium nitrate); and soot (elemental carbon), 1.5 μg/m³. The PC-BOSS particle concentrator efficiency was obtained by comparison of the PC-BOSS sulfate data with sulfate data obtained from the Federal Reference Method (FRM) sampler. A modification of the PC-BOSS design to allow independent determination of this parameter is recommended.     

半干旱风沙区采煤后裂缝发育对土壤水分的影响

为探讨采煤沉陷对土壤水资源的影响,针对井工矿采煤产生的沉陷裂缝,研究了采煤裂缝区土壤水分分布特征,并对采煤裂缝宽度、裂缝密度和土壤含水量的关系进行了探讨。研究结果表明:采煤沉陷裂缝造成了土壤含水量的下降,沉陷区内地裂缝处和无裂缝区土壤含水量均小于未开采区,整体上表现为土壤含水量裂缝区沉陷无裂缝区未开采区。裂缝密度与土壤含水量呈显著负相关,裂缝密度越大,土壤含水量越小。降雨前,裂缝宽度越大,土壤水分损失量越大;降雨后裂缝区土壤水分损失速度大于非裂缝区。短期内裂缝的闭合对土壤水分的恢复影响不大,沉陷后土壤水分的恢复需要较长时间。     

海底热油管道周围海泥温度场的数值模拟

针对海底热油管道运行环境的特点,建立管道及周围海泥的稳态传热模型,应用CFD软件,模拟海底管道运行过程中管道周围海泥温度分布规律,分析不同输油温度、海水温度、不同保温层传热系数及保温层失效等因素对管道周围温度的影响.结果表明,输送原油的温度是影响管道壁面热量扩散的主要因素之一,海底管道周围海泥的温度又与海水温度是直接相关的.另外,当保温层失效时,管内温度降低,热量明显扩散,影响管道的正常输送,造成不必要的经济损失,严重时甚至引起事故的发生,因此应及时检测保温层是否完好.     

Household solid fuel use with diabetes and fasting blood glucose levels among middle-aged and older adults in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To explore the impacts of household solid fuel use for cooking and heating on diabetes and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, we used data from the...     

宁夏电网新能源电站快速频率响应特性研究分析

针对宁夏电网新能源占比不断升高,常规水、火电机组出力逐步减少,电网调频裕量日显不足,且直流大功率闭锁进一步加剧电网频率安全运行风险的现状,提出了一种适用于宁夏电网的新能源电站快速频率研究方法。通过开展试点研究,掌握光伏电站、风电场参与电网频率调节的特性,结合日常电网运行频率波动情况和试点场站挂网实测响应效果,制定了快速频率响应参数设置策略,西北全网试验验证了该方法的可行性。     

硫粉投加量与污泥含固率之比对生物淋滤过程的影响

通过接种污泥硫细菌混合菌液,研究了S粉投加量与污泥含固率之比(SA/TS)对城市污泥中重金属生物淋滤效果的影响.结果表明,增大SA/TS值能显著缩短淋滤时间,提高淋滤效果.当SA/TS为2.5,经过8 d生物淋滤,Cu和Zn的淋滤效果可达到最佳,溶出率分别为66.2%和63.9%.淋滤进行16 d后,Pb的溶出率为30.8%.对于Cu,不论淋滤前后有机态都是较强的结合态.Zn的溶出主要是由于结合能力强的铁锰氧化态在淋滤过程中被大量浸出.Pb经过16 d的淋滤,铁锰氧化态所占比例有所下降而有机态比例上升.加大SA/TS有利于提高S粉的利用率,对N的保存影响不大,但增加了P的流失.