Modulation of the DNA repair system and ATR-p53 mediated apoptosis is relevant for tributyltininduced genotoxic effects in human hepatoma G2 cells

The toxic effects of tributyltin (TBT) have been extensively documented in several types of cells, but the molecular mechanisms related to the genotoxic effects of TBT have still not been fully elucidated. Our study showed that exposure of human hepatoma G2 cells to 1-4 μmol/L TBT for 3 hr caused severe DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the expression levels of key DNA damage sensor genes such as the replication factor C, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 were inhabited in a concentration-dependent manner. We further demonstrated that TBT induced cell apoptosis via the p53-mediated pathway, which was most likely activated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad-3 related (ATR) protein kinase. The results also showed that cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and the B-cell lymphoma 2 were involved in this process. Taken together, we demonstrated for the first time that the inhibition of the DNA repair system might be more responsible for TBT-induced genotoxic effects in cells. Then the generated DNA damage induced by TBT initiated ATR-p53-mediated apoptosis.     

Effect of orchard age on soil nitrogen transformation in subtropical China and implications

A better understanding of nitrogen transformation in soils could reveal the capacity for biological inorganic N supply and improve the efficiency of N fertilizers. In this study, a ¹⁵N tracing study was carried out to investigate the effects of converting woodland to orchard, and orchard age on the gross rates of N transformation occurring simultaneously in subtropical soils in Eastern China. The results showed that inorganic N supply rate was remained constant with soil organic C and N contents increased after converting woodland into citrus orchard and with increasing orchard age. This phenomenon was most probably due to the increase in the turnover time of recalcitrant organic-N, which increased with decreasing soil pH along with increasing orchard age significantly. The amoA gene copy numbers of both archaeal and bacterial were stimulated by orchard planting and increased with increasing orchard age. The nitrification capacity (defined as the ratio of gross rate of nitrification to total gross rate of mineralization) increased following the Michaelis–Menten equation, sharply in the first 10 years after woodland conversion to orchard, and increased continuously but much more slowly till 30 years. Due to the increase in nitrification capacity and unchanged NO₃⁻ consumption, the dominance of ammonium in inorganic N in woodland soil was shifted to nitrate dominance in orchard soils. These results indicated that the risk of NO₃⁻ loss was expected to increase and the amount of N needed from fertilizers for fruit growth did not change although soil organic N accumulated with orchard age.     

三唑酮对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫不同生长阶段的急性毒性比较

为探明三唑酮对鱼类不同生长阶段的毒性效应,以斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫为测试生物,检测了三唑酮对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫不同生长阶段的急性毒性差异。研究发现,三唑酮对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫胚胎为低毒,其96 h-LC50值分别为21.1(14.4~31.0)和14.2(9.65~20.9)mg·L~(-1);高浓度的三唑酮对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫胚胎的孵化有明显的抑制作用,染毒96 h后,23.7 mg·L~(-1)三唑酮组斑马鱼胚胎的孵化率为4.17%,22.5 mg·L~(-1)三唑酮组稀有鮈鲫胚胎的孵化率为33.3%。三唑酮对斑马鱼仔鱼、幼鱼和成鱼为低毒,其96 h-LC50值分别为24.8、21.3、13.1 mg·L~(-1),三唑酮对稀有鮈鲫仔鱼、幼鱼和成鱼为中毒,其96 h-LC50值分别为9.96、7.89、6.89 mg·L~(-1)。因此,三唑酮对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫不同生长阶段的毒性效应排序一致,毒性从高到低顺序依次为:成鱼幼鱼仔鱼。试验结果表明,相对于斑马鱼,稀有鮈鲫对三唑酮的毒性作用更为敏感,三唑酮对稀有鮈鲫不同生长阶段的毒性均高于斑马鱼相应生长阶段的毒性。     

Airborne PCDD/Fs in two e-waste recycling regions after stricter environmental regulations

Since the 2010 s, the authorities of Guangdong province and local governments have enhanced law enforcement and environmental regulations to abolish open burning, acid washing, and other uncontrolled e-waste recycling activities. In this study, ambient air and indoor dust near different kinds of e-waste recycling processes were collected in Guiyu and Qingyuan to investigate the pollution status of particles and polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins and furans(PCDD/Fs) after stricter environmental regulations. PM_(2.5) and PCDD/Fs both showed significantly reduced levels in the two regions compared with the documented data. The congener distribution and principal component analysis results also confirmed the significant differences between the current PCDD/Fs pollution characterizations and the historical ones. The estimated total intake doses via air inhalation and dust ingestion of children in the recycling region of Guiyu ranged from 10 to 32 pg TEQ/(kg·day), which far exceeded the tolerable daily intake(TDI) limit(1–4 pg TEQ/(kg·day). Although the measurements showed a significant reduction of the release of PCDD/Fs, the pollution status was still considered severe in Guiyu town after stricter regulations were implemented.     

加油站油气回收现状与展望

通过理论计算和案例分析,对目前在用加油站油气回收系统的有效运行率进行了分析,阐述加油站三次油气回收装置的配备条件,介绍了加油站油气回收新技术(ORVR),提出了我国应使用新的加油站油气回收技术的结论。     

气相色谱法测定饮用水中三氯乙烯含量的不确定度评定研究

分析和评定气相色谱法测定饮用水中三氯乙烯含量过程中引入的不确定度,分析了标准物质、分析操作、重复性测定等方面对不确定度的影响,实验表明在置信水平95%,包含因子k=2时,水中三氯乙烯测量结果的相对扩展不确定度为8.31%,三氯乙烯含量为3.17μg/L,扩展不确定度为0.263μg/L,测试过程的随机效应引入的不确定度对合成不确定度的贡献最大.     

A bibliometric analysis of anaerobic digestion for methane research during the period 1994–2011

This study uses a bibliometric approach in identifying global research trends related to the anaerobic digestion of biomass for methane production using related literature in the Science Citation Index Expanded database, retrieved from the ISI Web of Science. The data used covers the period 1994–2011. The articles acquired from such literature were concentrated on the general analysis by scientific output, the research performances by countries, institutes, and collaborations, and the research trends by the frequency of author keywords, words in title, words in abstract, and ‘KeyWords plus’. The research outputs of anaerobic digestion for methane had notably increased in the field of environmental sciences, biotechnology and applied microbiology, environmental engineering, energy and fuels, and microbiology, while increased slightly in water resources. The USA with most publications and China with the highest growth rate were compared. Finally, author keywords, words in title and ‘KeyWords plus’ were analyzed contrastively, with the recent hotspots provided.     

我国发展循环经济的必要性及实证分析

阐述了循环经济的概念、发展过程、现实意义。指出循环经济是针对持续的经济增长对资源和环境压力而提出的一种新的经济发展模式，也是一种新的技术经济范式。论述了经济发展阶段与循环经济、效率与循环经济．生态经济与循环经济的关系。以上海市吴泾化工区循环经济的实践为例，进行了实证分析。