有机质含量及其组分对洱海沉积物磷吸附-释放影响

研究了洱海不同湖区沉积物有机质含量、组分及其吸附-释放磷的特征,试图揭示有机质含量及组分对沉积物磷吸附-释放行为的影响机制.结果表明,洱海沉积物磷释放潜能随着沉积物中有机质(TOM)含量的增加而增大,而沉积物磷的最大释放速率(V释,max)和最大释放量(Q释,max)随沉积物中轻组有机质(LFOM)含量的增加而增大,释放平衡时间随活性有机质(ASOM)含量的增加而缩短,磷释放强度随LFOM占TOM比例的增加而减弱.沉积物磷的最大吸附速率(V吸,max)、最大吸附量(Q吸,max)和吸附效率随沉积物TOM含量的增加而增大,吸附平衡时间随TOM含量的增加而缩短,吸附强度随ASOM含量的增加而增强,吸附-解析平衡浓度(EPC0)随ASOM含量的增加而降低.沉积物磷释放后再吸附过程中磷释放的Q释,max和再吸附的V吸,max随TOM含量的增加而增大,当TOM含量相当时,则随沉积物ASOM含量的增加而降低,再吸附强度随沉积物中LFOM含量的增加而降低.沉积物磷吸附释放容量随有机质总量的增加而增加,吸附释放平衡浓度随有机质活性的增加而降低,释放强度和速率随有机质分解程度的增加而降低,吸附强度和速率随有机质活性的增加而增加.     

加强我国工业安全生产综合监测的思路及措施

从促进工业安全发展的角度出发,提出了加强我国工业安全生产运行监测的思路,并就监测的内容、方法和保障措施等进行了讨论,以期为提高工业行业管理效果和安全生产决策的科学规范性和准确性提供基础支撑。     

裂解气脱硫新趋势

在回顾现有裂解气脱硫工艺的基础上，介绍了近年来国内外在该领域的研究和应用中所取得的进展及未来的发展趋势。     

环境介质中药物和个人护理品的潜在风险研究进展

药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)在环境介质中的残留物作为一种新型污染物在环境介质中的转归,逐渐成为环境工作者和公众密切关注的焦点.这些物质特殊的物化特性及其被大量使用的现状,给生态环境和人类健康带来一定的潜在风险.由PPCPs使用所引发的风险问题正在成为当前学术界所面临的研究方向之一.欧洲和美国已经开始了对PPCPs的风险评估研究,中国研究者仅对某些药物的分析检测方法进行了初步探索,对PPCPs的潜在风险研究还呈空白.从PPCPs的物化特性及其对环境介质的影响入手,对其潜在风险进行了分析,并介绍了目前国外PPCPs风险研究进展,以期为中国开展PPCPs的风险评估提供参考.     

对当前规划环境影响评价存在问题的探讨

根据战略环境评价的基本内涵.针对当前中国规划环境影响评价实践中存在的诸多问题,重点选择替代方案不完善和评价结果不能有效执行这2个突出问题.并进行了产生原因的深层分析.随后结合规划环境影响评价基础理论及现实需要,提出替代方案优化论证和评价结果有效执行的基本思路,以期对规划环境影响评价制度的进一步完善提供建议.     

镉胁迫对向日葵幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

采用溶液培养方法,研究了不同浓度镉(0、0.05、0.1、0.5和1 mg/L)处理7 d对向日葵幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明：随着镉处理浓度的增加,向日葵幼苗对镉的吸收显著增加。1 mg/L镉浓度处理时,叶、茎和根中镉浓度分别为0.05 mg/L镉处理时的16.3、19.2和581倍;根中积累的镉含量明显高于叶和茎, 各浓度根部积累的镉分别为叶和茎的37.8～63倍和29.4～41倍。镉胁迫显著抑制向日葵幼苗生长和叶绿素合成,当镉浓度达1 mg/L时,整株植物生物量和总叶绿素含量分别为对照的55.9%和52.6%。镉胁迫下向日葵幼苗游离脯氨酸和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著增加,1 mg/L镉浓度时,根中含量分别为对照的4和5.8倍。向日葵幼苗可溶性蛋白含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化与镉胁迫浓度呈明显的倒U字型关系,可溶性蛋白含量在0.05 mg/L镉浓度时达到最大值,叶、茎、根中的POD活性分别在0.1、0.1和0.05 mg/L镉浓度时达到最大值。     

Size-fractionated thorium isotopes (228Th, 230Th, 232Th) in surface waters in the Jiulong River estuary, China

Thorium isotopes (228Th, 230Th, 232Th and 234Th) are useful tracers for studying particle dynamics and trace element scavenging in marine environments. In this study, surface waters were collected along a salinity gradient from the Jiulong River estuary, China, for determination of activity concentrations of 228Th, 230Th and 232Th in different size fractions, namely, the >53 microm, 10-53 microm, 2-10 microm, 0.4-2 microm, 10 kDa-0.4 microm and the <10 kDa fractions. Our results indicated that the activity concentrations of 228Th, 230Th and 232Th in the Jiulong River estuarine waters were significantly higher than most of the previously reported values in coastal and oceanic seawaters, suggesting a higher lithogenic U and Th contribution from the Jiulong River Basin. When normalized to the particulate mass concentration, the activity concentrations of the three thorium isotopes decreased with increasing particle size, demonstrating the important role of surface areas of particles in controlling the scavenging of thorium from the water column. The partitioning of three thorium isotopes showed a common characteristic, i.e., the >53 microm fraction had the least share (0-1%), while the 10-53 microm fraction had the largest share of Th isotopes. The average value of the 230Th/232Th activity ratio (230Th/232Th)(A.R.) increased from 0.8 in the >53 microm fraction to 3.7 in the 10 kDa-0.4 microm fraction, indicating that the radiogenic Th isotopes are preferentially scavenged by the small size particles. (230Th/232Th)(A.R.) in the <10 kDa and 10 kDa-0.4 microm fractions were similar, however, suggesting a similar chemical composition and/or equilibrium partitioning between the low molecular weight and colloidal Th. It was very interesting to note that the geochemical behaviors of the three Th isotopes were different from each other. Dissolved 228Th had the highest concentration in the mid-salinity region, showing a non-conservative behavior with additional input. In contrast, dissolved 232Th showed a concave profile, indicating a net removal of 232Th during the mixing of fresh water with seawater. The behavior of Th isotopes in the <10 kDa fraction followed those in the dissolved phases. The difference in geochemical behaviors among three Th isotopes was ascribed to their different sources in the estuary.     

有有效时间约束的最大流问题及其算法

交通运输在抗震救灾中起着非常重要的作用,无论是运输量的多少或是时间的及时与否,都直接影响着救灾的效果.而前人的单发点最短路径算法,难以满足救灾中多处救援物资及时到达和救援物资量上的需要.本文设计了确定救援站点(发点)的快速搜索程序,并在此基础上将单发点的救援路线问题扩展为多发点问题.同时考虑各条路段的最大运输量,使得出的紧急救援路线,不仅能满足救援物资的及时到达,同时又能满足对救援物资等运输量上的需求.