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281.
Effects of organic acids on adsorption of lead onto montmorillonite,goethite and humic acid 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Adsorption isotherms for Pb onto six soil components (quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, montmorillonite, goethite and humic acid) were studied. The influence of pH, EDTA and citric acid on the adsorption of Pb onto montmorillonite, goethite and humic acid were considered. Results indicate that the experimental data fit the Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm. The adsorption capacity for Pb at pH 6 was found to be in the order: humic acid (22.7 mg g(-1)) > goethite (11.04 mg g(-1)) > montmorillonite (10.4 mg g(-1)) > kaolinite (0.91 mg g(-1)) > feldspar (0.503 mg g(-1)) > quartz (0.148 mg g(-1)). Generally, the amount of Pb adsorbed onto montmorillonite, goethite and humic acid decreased with increasing concentrations of EDTA and citric acid and with increases in alkality. However, there were two exceptions: (1) addition of citric acid increased the amount of Pb adsorbed onto humic acid; and (2) the amount of Pb adsorbed onto goethite decreased with increasing pH in the presence of EDTA. Some mechanisms involved in the adsorption reactions are discussed. 相似文献
282.
Gu Y Crawford JW Ramanee Peiris D Jefferies RA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1994,83(1-2):87-93
Past accumulated data supported by the predictions of climate models suggest that our world is getting warmer. Scientists are trying to construct mathematical models of both climate and crop systems to identify what types of climate changes could constitute a significant risk or benefit for agriculture. However, due to the many uncertainties regarding these models, it is impossible to make unequivocal predictions. At present, almost all the research in this area is carried out without considering the uncertain nature of the problem. The approach outlined here attempts to find a way to deal with the above uncertainty problem. Artificial intelligence techniques are being developed with the aim of performing inferences based on uncertain information. In our method, causal graphs are used for explicit representation of the relationships between climatic factors and yield. Probabilities are used to express the uncertainties associated with these links, and Bayes' theorem is applied to deal with uncertainty reasonings. This approach has the additional advantage of allowing the prediction to be readily updated as results from improved climate and crop models become available. These opportunities are being evaluated initially by using the model for potato growth developed at the Scottish Crop Research Institute. 相似文献
283.
焦化厂生化出水电解脱色工艺及其机理的初步研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
针对焦化废水经萃取(蒸氨)脱酚和生化处理后的出水水质的特点,研究用铝板作为电极电解该废水的脱色效果,研究了废水pH、电解槽电压、时间等因素对其色度去除率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:pH=4、电解槽电压=10V、时间=30min,此时色度去除率可达93.6%,COD的去除率也可以达到61.78%。采用GC—MS分析了电解前后废水中的有机物成分,探讨了形成高色度水质的原因、有机物的去除及脱色机理。 相似文献
284.
在实验室配制含酸性玫瑰红染料的印染废水,采用臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池工艺开展处理试验.试验运行结果表明,臭氧氧化处理能提高模拟废水的可生化性,BOD/COD值由原水的0.18上升到0.36.经组合工艺处理后出水COD<40 mg/L,色度40倍以下,SS约50 mg/L,处理效果良好. 相似文献
285.
北京城市大气甲烷自动连续观测与结果分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文提出了自动连续监测北京城市背景下大气温室气体的方法 ,报道了 2 0 0 0年监测得到的CH4 日变化和总的变化趋势。对高密度观测获得的数据分析发现 ,北京大气CH4 的日变化呈现单周期正弦变化 ,平均浓度极大值 1.60 μg/L出现在凌晨 5 :0 0— 6:0 0 ,极低值 1.40 μg/L出现在午后 14:0 0— 15 :0 0 ,其原因很大程度上受制于光化学汇的日变化。通过研究不同季节、不同天气情况下CH4 的日变化规律发现 ,北京显然是CH4 的排放源 ,在强风条件下得到接近华北地区本底值的浓度。日变化季节差异反映了城市背景下大气CH4 的浓度主要受到汇的调制和人类活动的影响。同时 ,虽然北京大气CH4 浓度季变化仍呈双峰模态 ,但冬季峰值明显低于夏季 ,显示北京大气治理取得成效 ,人为源强度变小 相似文献
286.
催化剂在应用过程中必须具有良好的催化活性和稳定性。优化制备的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂用于处理高浓度难降解的乳化液废水时具有良好的催化活性。在200℃时反应2h,TOC去除率为81.3%,比未加催化剂的湿式氧化提高了14.9%。该催化剂对分散兰废水具有更高的活性和稳定性:在220℃反应1.5h后,COD和TOC去除率分别为68.8%和56.5%,比非催化氧化分别提高了18.7%和18.9%。 相似文献
287.
流动注射催化光度分析法的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
综述了近年来流动注射催化光度分析法的研究进展,包括环境水样中金属离子、阴离子、有机物等污染物的测定,展望了流动注射催化光度分析法未来的研究方向和发展前景。 相似文献
288.
装饰材料所致的室内空气污染 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
对商业、工业、住宅等不同功能区和不同室内燃料的厨房、卧室、教室等室内房间,作了空气中甲醛的本底值调查。调查表明,甲醛浓度范围为0.0007-0.0125mg/m^3。对15户普通家庭装潢户的调查表明,经装潢后1年以上测得的甲醛,总烃、苯、甲苯平均浓度分别为0.02、0.50、0.76、1.25mg/m^3。氯乙烯、苯乙烯未测出。其中甲醛平均浓度高出本底值20倍,为前苏联建议的日平均浓度的1.6倍。 相似文献
289.
Li Jun Peng Yongzhen Gu Guowei Wei Su 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(2):246-250
An aerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) packed with Bauer rings was used to treat real domestic wastewater for
simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The SBBR is advantageous for creating an anoxic condition, and the biofilm
can absorb and store carbon for good nitrification and denitrification. An average concentration of oxygen ranging from 0.8
to 4.0 mg/L was proved very efficient for nitrification and denitrification. Volumetric loads of TN dropped dramatically and
effluent TN concentration increased quickly when the concentration of average dissolved oxygen was more than 4.0 mg/L. The
efficiency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) increased with increasing thickness of the biofilm. The
influent concentration hardly affected the TN removal efficiency, but the effluent TN increased with increasing influent concentration.
It is suggested that a subsequence for denitrification be added or influent amount be decreased to meet effluent quality requirements.
At optimum operating parameters, the TN removal efficiency of 74%–82% could be achieved.
Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(5): 728–733 [译自: 环境科学学报] 相似文献
290.
HAO Chun-bo YAN Jun QU Meng-meng WANG Dong CHENG Shu-pei GU Ji-dong QIU Wan-fei WANG Yin-yin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2003,15(5):590-594
There were 6 target DNA fragments of the three parental strains existing in the cell of GEMs( genetically engineered microorganism strain) Fhhh measured in this research by PCR(polymerase chain reaction). The determination showed that GEMs Fhhh contained all the 6 target DNA fragments, mnpl, mnp2, lipl, lip2, FLOI and 16S rDNA, and had the molecular genetic stability. Meanwhile the PCR production of each parental strain could only had its target DNA fragments and was different from each other. It may illustrate that the technique of the inter-kingdom protoplast fusion for the construction of GEMs Fhhh through the process of intercellular gene recombination could be used as a reliable bioengineefing technique to create the soecific functional stain for the nollution control. 相似文献