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131.
Su Wei Li Xinyan Zhang Hongshuo Xing Yi Liu Ping Cai Changqing 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(35):47838-47855
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The pollution of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil has become one of the important factors affecting the national environment and human health.... 相似文献
132.
Hou Hao Liu Zixing Zhang Jia Zhou Jizhi Qian Guangren 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(1):133-155
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the development of industry, sustainable use of natural resources has become a worldwide hot topic. Heavy metal–containing sludge (HMS) is... 相似文献
133.
采用连续进水的进水方式对污水处理厂活性污泥系统中的Nitrospira富集培养并对其相关动力学参数进行研究.结果表明,在控制反应器亚硝酸盐浓度不高于2 mg·L~(-1)的条件下可以成功富集出以Nitrospira为优势种属的活性污泥,其最大比亚硝酸盐氧化速率(以N/VSS计)为48.72 mg·(g·h)~(-1).荧光原位杂交结果显示Nitrospira占活性污泥总微生物量的75%左右,而Nitrobacter仅占总微生物的0.1%.此外通过对Nitrospira在20℃时的动力学参数进行测定,结果表明Nitrospira的最适生长温度为30~35℃,温度修正系数τN为1.046,其基质半饱和常数KS和氧半饱和常数KO分别为(0.32±0.03)mg·L~(-1)和(1.52±0.09)mg·L~(-1).Nitrospira动力学参数的研究为污水处理厂的设计运行及工艺优化提供理论参考. 相似文献
134.
Bottom ash is the major by-product of municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI), and is often reused as an engineering material, such as road-base aggregate. However, some metals(especially aluminum) in bottom ash can react with water and generate gas that could cause expansion and failure of products containing the ash; these metals must be removed before the ash is utilized. The size distribution and the chemical speciation of metals in the bottom ash from two Chinese MSWI plants were examined in this study, and the recovery potential of metals from the ash was evaluated. The metal concentrations in these bottom ashes were lower than that generated in other developed countries. Specifically, the contents of Al,Fe, Cu and Zn were 18.9–29.2, 25.5–32.3, 0.7–1.0 and 1.6–2.5 g/kg, respectively. Moreover,44.9–57.0 wt.% of Al and 55.6–75.4 wt.% of Fe were distributed in bottom ash particles smaller than 5 mm. Similarly, 46.6–79.7 wt.% of Cu and 42.9–74.2 wt.% of Zn were concentrated in particles smaller than 3 mm. The Fe in the bottom ash mainly existed as hematite, and its chemical speciation was considered to limit the recovery efficiency of magnetic separation. 相似文献
135.
Pyridine, an important chemical raw material, is widely used in industry, for example in textiles,leather, printing, dyeing, etc. In this research, a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) system was developed to remove pyridine, as a representative type of nitrogen heterocyclic compound in drinking water. First, the influence of the active species inhibitors tertiary butanol alcohol(TBA),HCO_3~-, and CO_3~(2-)on the degradation rate of pyridine was investigated to verify the existence of active species produced by the strong ionization discharge in the system. The intermediate and final products generated in the degradation process of pyridine were confirmed and analyzed through a series of analytical techniques, including liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC–MS), high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), ion chromatography(IC), total organic carbon(TOC) analysis, ultraviolet(UV) spectroscopy, etc. The results showed that the degradation of pyridine was mainly due to the strong oxidizing power of ozone and hydroxyl radical produced by the DBD system. Several intermediate products including 3-hydroxyl pyridine, fumaric acid, 2, 3-dihydroxypyridine, and oxalic acid were detected. Nitrogen was removed from the pyridine molecule to form nitrate. Through analysis of the degradation mechanism of pyridine, the oxidation pathway was deduced. The study provided a theoretical and experimental basis for the application of DBD strong ionization discharge in treatment of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds in drinking water. 相似文献
136.
137.
大冶湖表层水和沉积物中重金属污染特征与风险评价 总被引:15,自引:11,他引:4
于2014年4月采集大冶湖表层水和表层沉积物,用原子吸收分光光度法测定其重金属含量,并基于健康风险评价模型和潜在生态风险指数法开展表层水和沉积物重金属污染的潜在健康风险和生态风险评价.结果表明,表层水和沉积物重金属(Ni、Cd、Cu和Pb)含量平均值分别为49.27、2.19、12.18、12.13μg·L~(-1)和78.46、77.13、650.13、134.22 mg·kg~(-1).富集系数显示,Cd、Cu和Pb均为重度富集,尤其是Cd累积最为明显.与国内典型湖泊重金属污染相比,表层水和沉积物中重金属元素含量均相对较高.表层水和沉积物重金属元素均表现为湖湾处含量较高,中部含量较均匀的分布规律,其来源主要受多种人为活动污染.环境风险评价显示,重金属类化学物质通过饮水途径产生健康风险范围为9.77E-08~1.63E-05 a-1,Ni和Cd是水环境健康风险的优先管理对象.沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险高低为CdCuPbNi,其中Cd是生态风险的贡献元素. 相似文献
138.
Ambient volatile organic compounds pollution in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xinmin Zhang Zhigang Xue Hong Li Li Yan Yuan Yang Yi Wang Jingchun Duan Lei Li Fahe Chai Miaomiao Cheng Weiqi Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(5):69-75
Owing to rapid economic and industrial development, China has been suffering from degraded air quality and visibility. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors to the formation of ground-level ozone and hence photochemical smog. Some VOCs adversely affect human health. Therefore, VOCs have recently elicited public concern and given new impetus to scientific interest. China is now implementing a series of polices to control VOCs pollution. The key to formulating policy is understanding the ambient VOCs pollution status. This paper mainly analyzes the species, levels, sources, and spatial distributions of VOCs in ambient air. The results show that the concentrations of ambient VOCs in China are much higher than those of developed countries such as the United States and Japan, especial benzene, which exceeds available standards. At the same time, the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) of various VOCs are calculated. Aromatics and alkenes have much higher OFPs, while aromatics have higher SOAFP. The OFPs of ambient VOCs in the cities of Beijing, Guangzhou and Changchun are very high, and the SOAFP of ambient VOCs in the cities of Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Changchun are higher. 相似文献
139.
Yunan Chen Yi Yang Bolong Xu Shunhao Wang Bin Li Juan M Jie Gao Yi Y. Zuo Sijin Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(12):100-114
Environmental exposure and health risk upon engineered nanomaterials are increasingly concerned. The family of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials(MCNs) is a rising star in nanotechnology for multidisciplinary research with versatile applications in electronics,energy and gas storage, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, there is mounting concern on their environmental health risks due to the growing production and usage of MCNs. The lung is the primary site for particle invasion under environmental exposure to nanomaterials. Here, we studied the comprehensive toxicological profile of MCNs in the lung under the scenario of moderate environmental exposure. It was found that at a low concentration of 10 μg/mL MCNs induced biophysical inhibition of natural pulmonary surfactant. Moreover, MCNs at similar concentrations reduced viability of J774 A.1 macrophages and lung epithelial A549 cells.Incubating with nature pulmonary surfactant effectively reduced the cytotoxicity of MCNs.Regarding the pro-inflammatory responses, MCNs activated macrophages in vitro, and stimulated lung inflammation in mice after inhalation exposure, associated with lung fibrosis.Moreover, we found that the size of MCNs played a significant role in regulating cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of this nanomaterial. In general, larger MCNs induced more pronounced cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects than their smaller counterparts. Our results provided valuable information on the toxicological profile and environmental health risks of MCNs, and suggested that fine-tuning the size of MCNs could be a practical precautionary design strategy to increase safety and biocompatibility of this nanomaterial. 相似文献
140.
用恒波长同步荧光法检测了280±2 nm、300±2 nm、332±2 nm 3个特征波长下的22种原油和12种燃料油的荧光强度,并以此作为变量,建立了快速定量鉴别海上溢油的原油和燃料油的Logistic回归模型。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检测值2.43小于15.51、其对应P值0.97大于0.05,说明建模数据的信息被充分提取和利用。风化前后油样的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析显示该鉴别方法准确性较高,曲线下边面积(AUC)大于0.9,灵敏度和特异性大于0.85。用15种非建模油样对所建立的模型进行验证,计算结果与实际情况吻合度较高,鉴别正确率达93%。此外,该模型也适用于油种风化后的鉴别。 相似文献