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321.
Co-composting of livestock manure with rice straw: Characterization and establishment of maturity evaluation system 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Xiaoyong Qian Genxiang Shen Zhenqi Wang Chunxia Guo Yangqing Liu Zhongfang Lei Zhenya Zhang 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(2):530-535
Composting is considered to be a primary treatment method for livestock manure and rice straw, and high degree of maturity is a prerequisite for safe land application of the composting products. In this study pilot-scale experiments were carried out to characterize the co-composting process of livestock manure with rice straw, as well as to establish a maturity evaluation index system for the composts obtained. Two pilot composting piles with different feedstocks were conducted for 3 months: (1) swine manure and rice straw (SM–RS); and (2) dairy manure and rice straw (DM–RS). During the composting process, parameters including temperature, moisture, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter (OM), different forms of nitrogen (total, ammonia and nitrate), and humification index (humic acid and fulvic acid) were monitored in addition to germination index (GI), plant growth index (PGI) and Solvita maturity index. OM loss followed the first-order kinetic model in both piles, and a slightly faster OM mineralization was achieved in the SM–RS pile. Also, the SM–RS pile exhibited slightly better performance than the DM–RS according to the evolutions of temperature, OM degradation, GI and PGI. The C/N ratio, GI and PGI could be included in the maturity evaluation index system in which GI > 120% and PGI > 1.00 signal mature co-composts. 相似文献
322.
研究了KBrO3对二茂铁(Fc)非均相Fenton效能的影响,深入考察了KBrO3对体系中Fc溶解、H2O2分解和羟基自由基(·OH)生成的影响。结果表明,KBrO3的加入对不同反应阶段Fc/Fenton体系的效能均有明显的促进作用,初始阶段主要是由于KBrO3对·OH产生的促进作用所致,后期主要是由于KBrO3促进了体系中Fc的溶解,使得体系中溶解态的Fc催化的均相Fenton反应的比例增加,体系中H2O2的分解加快,·OH的表观生成率增加,进而促进了反应的进行。无KBrO3添加,pH=4,MB初始浓度为10 mg/L,Fc的量为1.6×10-3mol/L,[H2O2]/[MB]=3.14时,45 min时,MB的剩余率为9.1%,105 min时为0。当KBrO3的用量为3×10-4mol/L时,反应45 min后MB的去除率即可达到100%。随着KBrO3浓度的增加,其对Fc/Fenton效能的促进作用增强。 相似文献
323.
Yi Li Yuming Wang Linhua Liu Dawei Wang Wenlong Zhang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(7):5177-5186
Characterizations of Ag/ZnO hollow sphere by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and UV–vis absorption spectra have been made after its synthesis. The results showed that the composite was hollow structure with diameters of about 1–4 μm. The samples synthesized were tested and identified as silver doped ZnO, which have extended and boosted the spectral absorption. The photocatalytic activity of Ag/ZnO hollow spheres was assessed using 17α-ethinylestradiol aqueous solution under UV irradiation. It has been observed that the 17α-ethinylestradiol absorption efficiency and degradation rate is higher for Ag/ZnO hollow spheres. As reusable photocatalysts, Ag/ZnO hollow spheres which could be easily separated from a suspension will facilitate their application in wastewater treatment with enhanced photostability. 相似文献
324.
Kuan Lun Pan Sheng Jen Yu Shaw Yi Yan 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(11):1260-1269
Direct decomposition of N2O by perovskite-structure catalysts including La2NiO4, LaSrNiO4, and La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 was investigated. The catalysts were prepared by the Pechini method and characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and O2-TPD. Experimental results indicate that the properties of La2NiO4 are significantly improved by partially substituting La with Sr and Ce. N2O decomposition efficiencies achieved with LaSrNiO4 and La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 are 44 and 36%, respectively, at 400ºC. As the temperature was increased to 600ºC, N2O decomposition efficiency achieved with LaSrNiO4 and La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 reached 100% at an inlet N2O concentration of 1,000 ppm, while the space velocity was fixed at 8,000 hr?1. In addition, effects of various parameters including oxygen, water vapor, and space velocity were also explored. The results indicate that N2O decomposition efficiencies achieved with LaSrNiO4 and La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 are not significantly affected as space velocity is increased from 8,000 to 20,000 hr?1, while La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 shows better tolerance for O2 and H2O(g). On the other hand, N2 yield with LaSrNiO4 as catalyst can be significantly improved by doping Ce. At a gas hour space velocity of 8,000 hr?1, and a temperature of 600ºC, high N2O decomposition efficiency and N2 yield were maintained throughout the durability test of 60 hr, indicating the long-term stability of La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 for N2O decomposition.
Implications:Nitrous oxide (N2O) not only has a high global warming potential (GWP100 = 310), but also potentially destroys ozone in the stratosphere. Pervoskite-type catalysts including La2NiO4, LaSrNiO4, and La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 are applied for direct N2O decomposition. The results show that N2O decomposition can be enhanced as Sr and Ce are doped into La2NiO4. At 600ºC, N2O decomposition efficiencies achieved with LaSrNiO4 and La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 reach 100%, demonstrating high activity and good potential for direct N2O decomposition. Effects of O2 and H2O(g) contents on catalytic activities are also evaluated and discussed. 相似文献
325.
基于对湘潭锰矿红旗矿区土-水界面重金属污染流的采样分析,通过相关性和主成分分析法,研究了锰矿区土-水界面重金属污染流中的锰、镍、铜、锌、镉、铅重金属的来源以及同源性。结果表明:6种重金属的差异性、离散程度、变异性较大;锰—镍、锰—锌、锰—镉、锰—铅、镍—锌、铜—锌、铜—铅、锌—镉、锌—铅、铅—镉呈极显著正相关,镍与锰以外的其他重金属相关性都较低;3个主成分的贡献率分别为58.300%、16.628%、11.115%,累积贡献率达到了81.543%,并且6种重金属在主成分1的载荷非常高。结合矿区的周边环境和自身特点,表明6种重金属的主要共同来源为矿区内的矿业活动,并且工业活动、交通运输、农业活动等也对矿区造成了一定程度的重金属污染。 相似文献
326.
列出了2011年中国境内5.0级以上地震目录,总结了当年我国大陆地区各次地震灾害事件的基础数据信息和灾害信息,结合该年度我国大陆地区地震灾害事件发生所在省(自治区、直辖市)地震局的地震灾害评估资料,总结、归纳了2011年我国大陆地区地震灾害的主要数据和特性。最后,列出了1990年以来我国大陆地震灾害的相关数据,并进行了简单的比较。 相似文献
327.
328.
基于MODIS的渍害田和正常农田遥感特性对比研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
渍害田在我国南方地区分布广泛,严重影响农业生产。以四湖流域洪湖地区为实验区,基于渍害田的物理及生态特性来探讨渍害田遥感识别特性。利用2002~2011年MODIS产品,辅以土壤图、土地覆被数据,对比分析了正常农田及渍害田在反照率、增强型植被指数(EVI)、地表夜温、地表温差和表观热惯量的时相差异;并结合相关研究成果加以解释和验证。结果表明:一年中大部分时段,正常农田的反照率、EVI、地表温差都大于渍害田,而地表夜温、表观热惯量都低于渍害田;各指标的多年平均值也具有类似差别;渍害田的EVI在6、7月份比正常农田高, 可能是由于渍害田在雨、热、肥条件同时良好时比正常农田生长的更快。研究结果可为进一步准确识别渍害田空间分布及其动态变化 相似文献
329.
我国台风灾害救助应急响应的时空分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于2005 - 2010年历次台风灾害救助应急响应的启动和损失情况,在统计分析响应频次和响应灾情的基础上,研究分析了国家台风灾害救助应急响应的时空分布特征.结果表明,国家台风灾害救助应急响应的时空分布特征大致反映了我国重大台风灾害损失的时空分布特征和我国台风灾害救助工作的发展变化和新思路:①2005 - 2010年,国家共针对24次台风过程启动救助应急响应51次,平均每年8.5次,其中四级、三级响应分别为41次、10次,平均每年6.8次、2.5次,分别占80%和20%.②7-9月国家启动台风应急响应最多,10月、5月和4月偶有分布.③近年重大台风损失2005 - 2006年严重,2007 - 2010年则较轻;国家针对台风灾害启动响应从东南沿海向内陆和北方沿海省份递减.④紧急转移安置人口是启动响应依据最多的指标,且呈现明显的逐年下降趋势,反映了近年来国家对台风灾害救助工作的重视和以“预防为主”的应急管理新思路. 相似文献
330.