水环境磷的灰化法测定中不同灰化助剂的效果比较

以磷酸二氢钠和偏磷酸钠为磷标样,对加入不同盐试剂(灰化助剂)经不同温度(150℃～550℃)灼烧后磷的回收率进行了比较.所研究的灰化助剂除文献中报道过的MgSO₄和Mg(NO₃)₂外,还对MgCl₂等10余种盐试剂进行了实验.结果发现,磷酸二氢钠和偏磷酸钠加入MgSO₄在常规的灼烧温度下灼烧,用0.2mol/L HCl于80℃浸提0.5h不能使磷全部回收,而MgCl₂、MgA     

Propagation characteristics of subaerial landslide-generated impulse waves

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Subaerial landslide-generated impulse waves were investigated in a rectangular prismatic channel based on the Froude similarity criterion. Landslides were modeled...     

Comparison of CNT-PVA membrane and commercial polymeric membranes in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater

CNT-PVA membrane was fabricated and compared with polymeric membranes. The separation performance was evaluated by homemade and cutting fluid emulsions. The three membranes show similar oil retention rates. CNT-PVA membranes have higher permeation fluxes compared with polymeric membranes. CNT-PVA membrane shows higher fouling resistance. Membrane separation is an attractive technique for removal of emulsified oily wastewater. However, polymeric membranes which dominate the current market usually suffer from severe membrane fouling. Therefore, membranes with high fouling resistance are imperative to treat emulsified oily wastewater. In this study, carbon nanotube-polyvinyl alcohol (CNT-PVA) membrane was fabricated. And its separation performance for emulsified oily wastewater was compared with two commercial polymeric membranes (PVDF membrane and PES membrane) by filtration of two homemade emulsions and one cutting fluid emulsion. The results show that these membranes have similar oil retention efficiencies for the three emulsions. Whereas, the permeation flux of CNT-PVA membrane is 1.60 to 3.09 times of PVDF membrane and 1.41 to 11.4 times of PES membrane, respectively. Moreover, after five consecutive operation circles of filtration process and back flush, CNT-PVA membrane can recover 62.3% to 72.9% of its initial pure water flux. However, the pure water flux recovery rates are only 24.1% to 35.3% for PVDF membrane and 6.0% to 26.3% for PES membrane, respectively. Therefore, CNT-PVA membrane are more resistant to oil fouling compared with the two polymeric membranes, showing superior potential in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater.     

Magnetic graphene-based nanocomposites as highly efficient absorbents for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to the merits of their high adsorption and convenient separation, magnetic graphene-based composites have become a promising adsorbent in terms of...     

Effects of intercropping with floricultural accumulator plants on cadmium accumulation in grapevine

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) intercropping with floricultural cadmium (Cd) accumulator plants (Helianthus annuus L., Cosmos sulphureus Cav., Cosmos...     

Growth of Zostera japonica in different sediment habitats of the Yellow River estuary in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The estuarine delta of the Yellow River is a region of strong land-ocean-human interactions that undergoes a unique evolutionary process. The delta is...     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of PCP-Na by a novel nano-PbO2 anode: degradation mechanism and toxicity assessment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aims at investigating the electrocatalytic oxidation of sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP-Na) using a novel nano-PbO2 powder anode. The...     

基于Tripod-Beta模型的船舶火灾事故风险分析

为深入分析船舶火灾事故风险因素及其后果产生的影响,通过分析1991-2017年全球船舶火灾事故调查报告,从人员、管理、船舶设备、货物、环境5个方面对船舶火灾影响因素进行识别研究;采用三脚架事故致因模型(Tripod-Beta model),构建考虑安全栅的船舶火灾事故情景演化模型,识别船舶火灾关键影响因素;并在样本量较少的情况下,采用信息扩散理论计算船舶火灾发生率;最后,利用布尔函数和风险矩阵,对船舶火灾事故风险进行评价研究。结果表明:船员不安全行为和船舶设备表面过热、设备短路是船舶火灾事故的关键风险因素;事故后果链中安全栅遭到破坏时,船舶火灾风险处于不希望发生范围内。该方法能有效评估船舶火灾风险的等级,满足海事管理部门的监管工作需求。     

煤矿照度对人反应时间和可靠度的影响研究

煤矿综采工作面狭窄,工作环境昏暗,照明环境普遍不好,是近年来井下事故多发的重要因素之一。针对目前煤矿综采工作面存在的照度问题,通过控制光照时间和操作难度,利用舒尔特表测算反应时间和操作可靠度,使用SPSS20. 0和Excel进行数据处理,设计试验组和对照组来进行对比试验。结果表明,1)从反应时间来看,0～25 min,试验组平均反应时间的变化趋势与对照组相反,被试者的注意力先下降后上升; 25～55 min,被试者逐渐适应低照度环境,反应时间也在逐渐缩短;被试者在低照度条件下操作55 min后,反应时间随光照时间增加而大幅度增加,超过劳动时间临界值后,视觉疲劳度迅速增加,反应急速减慢,从而可能导致安全事故的发生,影响生产效率,此时应合理安排工人休息。2)从操作难度来看,在简单及正常操作难度时,试验组和对照组操作可靠度变化比较接近,表明低照度条件对一般操作的可靠度影响不明显;在极难操作难度时,低照度条件对可靠度影响明显,在井下生产过程中,低照度环境下应尽量避免安排复杂的机械化操作。3)反应时间与光照时间呈二次函数关系,通过建立回归方程量化了两者的关系,为以后合理安排煤矿工人劳动休息时间提供了理论依据。     

空间阻塞对室内燃气泄漏爆炸影响研究

以餐饮企业的熟食操作间为例建立物理模型,通过CFD方法模拟不同空间阻塞度下天然气泄漏爆炸情形。研究结果表明:阻塞率在99.95%~100%时,燃气浓度呈现反抛物线式上升。空间阻塞率在99.982%时（开敞面积1 m2）,泄漏1 200 s,熟食操作间燃气浓度值可达6%;空间阻塞率在99.955%（开敞面积2.5 m2）~100%时,燃气爆炸后熟食操作间内产生的超压最大值均大于30 kPa;当空间阻塞率在99.991%（开敞面积0.5 m2）~100%时,设定工况下爆炸超压随空间阻塞率呈指数式增加。研究认为,空间阻塞率在99.95%以上,燃气泄漏极易形成可燃蒸汽云,发生爆炸产生冲击波超压能够毁坏建筑物,在生产和生活中,对于有燃气使用的空间,应尽可能降低空间阻塞率,以避免可能的燃气泄漏形成危险域和爆炸形成过高冲击波超压。