Biological treatment of dye wastewaters using an anaerobic-oxic system

Three dye solutions, namely, C.I. Acid Yellow 17, C.I. Basic Blue 3, and C.I. Basic Red 2, were treated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a semi-continuous aerobic activated sludge tank. When hydraulic retention time was about 12 hours, no significant color removal was observed in the aerobic stage. In the anaerobic stage, Acid Yellow 17, Basic Blue 3, and Basic Red 2 were removed by 20%, 72%, and 78%, respectively. To treat wastewater from a dye manufacturing factory with COD concentration of 1200 mg/l and Color of 500 degree (dilution factor), an UASB reactor (4.5 liters) and an activated sludge tank (5 liters, adjustable), COD and color were removed by more than 83% and 90% at a COD loading rate of 5.3 kg COD/m³-day in the anaerobic stage, and at the hydraulic retention time of 6-10 hours for the anaerobic stage and 6.5 for the aerobic stage. The anaerobic stage of the A/O system removes both color and COD. In addition, it also improves biodegradability of dyes for further aerobic treatment.     

一起苯乙烯槽罐车泄漏的应急监测案例

2007年10月28日凌晨，镇江市环境监测中心站于3：40接到市环保局应急指挥中心关于338省道200km处，发生一起苯乙烯槽罐车泄露的紧急交通事故通知，于是立即启动应急监测响应程序，监测站应急监测小组于4：20到达事故现场，并立即用快速检测装备进行现场定性、定量跟踪监测，及时向现场应急指挥部提供了第一线的监测数据，为污染事故的及时控制与安全处置提供了决策依据。经13个多小时的共同处置，罐内苯乙烯得到安全驳载，肇事车辆被拖离现场，交通也顺利恢复。     

利用粉煤灰中活性炭的吸附能力治理含铬废水

通过实验研究指出，运用粉煤灰可同时治理含铬废水中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)。结果表明，粉煤灰用量、废液酸度、振荡时间和温度等均对铬的去除效果存在一定影响。研究揭示，在常温(15～35℃)下，当粉煤灰的掺人比例为1：650、含铬废液pH为4．0～5．5、接触时间为40min时，粉煤灰可同时治理含铬废水中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)，其中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率在88％左右，Cr(Ⅲ)的去除率可达99％以上。该方法工艺简单，成本低廉，效果优良，具有较好的应用前景。     

临安市实施清洁生产和发展绿色产业总体构思

以临安市为例，通过对该市社会经济发展现状及其制约“瓶颈”的分析，指出县域经济的进一步发展存在强烈的路径依赖，即必须按照可持续发展的基本原则，以清洁生产与绿色产业为目标取向，并相应提出一些设想和措施。     

薄膜级碳酸钙可焚烧母料的环保性能的探讨

采用 12 5 0目以上的碳酸钙填充料、铝酸酯偶联剂、焚烧热氧降解剂、生物活性剂等助剂制备的可焚烧PE母料 ,吹制成购物袋和垃圾袋。经人工加速老化实验、户外曝晒实验后 ,用红外光谱、高效液相色谱、热 红联用仪等对其综合环保性能进行表征 ,实验结果表明 ,该薄膜适应于垃圾的焚烧处理 ,特别是对促进塑料的快速完全燃烧和降低尾气中有害气体的含量 ,具有积极的意义 ,可用于装盛焚烧发电垃圾     

移动床生物膜反应器的研究及应用现状

移动床生物膜反应器是一种高效的污水处理系统 ,目前在国内外已有较多应用。本文就其特点及研究应用状况作简要介绍。     

石灰湿法脱硫过程中pH条件对结垢的影响研究

针对石灰湿法脱硫中存在的结垢问题，在鼓泡床中模拟了石灰湿法脱硫过程，通过分析液相的组成，结合反应机理探讨了pH对结垢的影响。结果表明，当pH控制在6.0～4．0时，既能避免结垢，又能获得较高的脱硫率。提出了实际中预测结垢倾向的方法。     

碳氮磷比例失调城市污水的同步脱氮除磷

为解决现行同步脱氮除磷工艺处理南方地区碳、氮、磷比例失调城市污水中,因C/N、C/P偏低,碳源不足而降低脱氮除磷效率的难题,试验以碳源偏低的广州市城市污水为研究对象,采用厌氧/好氧交替运行的SBR系统,通过对厌氧、好氧时段的合理调控,在无需额外添加碳源的条件下,有机物、氨氮、总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别可达90%、72%、41%和99%,不仅能使有机物和氮的出水指标达到国家排放标准,而且总磷出水浓度能达0.5 mg/L以下。通过进一步分析同步高效脱氮除磷的影响因素和控制条件,得出合理污泥龄的控制是实现同步脱氮除磷的关键,厌氧/好氧交替运行的方式不仅强化了磷的释放和吸收,而且降低了碳源偏低和硝酸盐对同步脱氮除磷影响的结论。     

Influence of metal oxides on PCDD/Fs formation from pentachlorophenol

Chlorophenols (ClPhs) are considered as important precursors for PCDD/Fs formation. The influences of series of metal oxides including MgO, Al2O3, CaO, BaO, TiO2, V2O5, MnO2, Fe2O3, Co3O4, CuO, Ag2O, ZnO, HgO, SnO, PbO, La2O3, CeO2, and Eu2O3 on PCDD/Fs formation from pentachlorophenol (PCP) were investigated in a laboratory-scale reactor. The results indicated that most of the above metal oxides have obvious suppressing effects on the total amount of PCDD/Fs formation from precursor PCP except for CuO, ZnO, MnO2, TiO2 and Co3O4 with promotion effects at 280 degrees C for 2 h. Although MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, PbO, La2O3 and Eu2O3 could reduce the amount of octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD), they promote the formation of more toxic 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD at the same time. The total suppressing efficiencies of several metal oxides including CaO, BaO, PbO, Ag2O, HgO and SnO which have lower Z/r (charge to radius ratio) <2 are all over 90%. The theories of generalized acid-base and atomic parameter (Z/r) were used to speculate the effecting mechanisms. The factors including time and temperature on suppressing efficiencies of CaO, BaO and PbO have also been studied in the present paper. The results showed that the total suppressing efficiencies of CaO, BaO and PbO increase with the increase of heated time and temperature.     

天然气引射调峰系统的噪声形成及其治理研究

采用天然气引射调峰技术,能使上海某储配站10台天然气高压球罐的储气调峰能率提高68%,大大有助于解决天然气用气高峰时的供需平衡问题,并能节约初投资人民币1亿元.但使用超音速引射器后,当球罐压力下降到某一值时会产生高频噪声,影响管束区操作环境.本文分析了噪声产生的原因,提出了合理的噪声治理方案,并进行了方案的实施.实践证明:噪声治理效果良好,降低了管束区噪声污染,达到了国家"工业企业噪声卫生标准".