环境和营养条件对煤油生物降解的影响

研究了南极假丝酵母（Candida antarctica)JWSH-112降解煤油烃的影响因素。利用正交试验方法，确证了最优条件为煤油14（ψ/%），NaNO32.0gL61,NaH2PO40.1gL^-1，蛋白胨2.0gL^-1，初始pH6.5，其中蛋白胨是影响JWSH－112降解煤油烃的重要因素。采用优化后的条件进行验证实验，煤油烃的生物降解率（49．2％）和细胞生长质量浓度（1.9gL^-1)均加高于正交试验中的最高生物降解率（47．9％）和细胞生长质量浓度（1.5gL^-1)。通过气相色谱定性分析发现，生物降解后煤油中的部分组份消失或含量明显降低。图6表5参13     

一株碱性果胶酶高产细菌的分离、系统发育分析和产酶条件的初步优化

从腐烂的苹果表皮筛选到一株碱性果胶酶的高产菌株,命名为WSHB04-02.分离菌株为革兰氏阳性细菌,有芽孢,菌落颜色为乳白色.分离菌株WSHB04-02的16SrDNA全序列分析表明,该菌株与Bacillussubtilus具有99%的相似性,并与其他13株产碱性果胶酶菌株的16SrDNA结果进行同源性分析,并构建系统发育树.发现菌株WSHB04-02在不含果胶类物质与Mg2 的培养基上能高产碱性果胶酶,在优化的培养条件下,碱性果胶酶的酶活达到34U/mL,在国内还未见报道.图6表2参15     

城市污泥好氧堆肥过程中DOM的光谱动态变化特征

跟踪监测了城市污泥堆肥工厂好氧堆肥的一个发酵周期,利用三维荧光光谱技术,结合平行因子分析法,研究了堆肥过程中DOM的动态变化过程.结果 表明,堆肥污泥中DOM主要由4种荧光组分组成,分别为类色氨酸(C1:275nm/350 nm)、类富里酸(C2:240 nm、315/415 nm)、类酪氨酸(C3:275 nm/305 nm)和类胡敏酸(C4:265 nm、360 nm/480nm).随堆肥过程推进,组分C1、C3所占比例先增大后减小,而组分C2、组分CA所占比例升高,表明堆肥腐殖化程度不断增强;由紫外-可见吸收光谱研究发现,SUVA254、SUVA280、A240 ～400逐渐增大,E250/ E365逐渐减小,表明DOM的芳香性和腐殖化程度逐渐增强.通过相关性分析可知,CA与吸收光谱参数在p ＜0.05水平上显著相关,表明CA可以作为评价堆肥腐熟度的指标.     

《审计学》案例教学研究

本文针对当前审计教学中普遍存在教学难、学习难的现象,提出采用案例教学法.文章阐述了案例教学法在审计教学中的积极意义,并从案例的选择和课堂教学组织两方面讲述了案例教学法在审计教学中的应用,最后提出了完善审计案例教学的几点措施.     

Occurrence and removal of organic micropollutants in the treatment of landfill leachate by combined anaerobic-membrane bioreactor technology

Organic micropollutants,with high toxicity and environmental concern,are present in the landfill leachate at much lower levels than total organic constituents (chemical oxygen demand (COD),biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),or total organic carbon (TOC)),and few has been known for their behaviors in different treatment processes.In this study,occurrence and removal of 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs),16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),and technical 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in landfill leachate in a comb...     

"环境友好"阻垢剂——聚环氧琥珀酸应用于火电厂循环冷却水的研究

火电厂循环冷却水阻垢处理以往一般采用一些含磷的阻垢剂和加酸处理,阻垢效果受多方面因素影响较大,不稳定,并且废水外排容易引起水体富营养化,导致环境污染。文章对聚环氧琥珀酸（PEsA）应用于火电厂循环冷却水进行研究,其不但投加量少、阻垢效果好、受碱度影响小,并且具有较好的生物降解能力,不含磷,外排水不会对环境造成污染。另外,PESA对火电厂循环冷却水换热铜管有较好的缓蚀作用,减少换热面的腐蚀。     

The short-chain perfluorinated compounds PFBS, PFHxS, PFBA and PFHxA, disrupt human mesenchymal stem cell self-renewal and adipogenic differentiation

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are commonly used in industrial processes and daily life products. Because they are persistent, they accumulate in the environment, wildlife and humans. Although many studies have focused on two of the most representative PFASs, PFOS and PFOA, the potential toxicity of short-chain PFASs has not yet been given sufficient attention. We used a battery of assays to evaluate the toxicity of several four-carbon and six-carbon perfluorinated sulfonates and carboxyl acids (PFBS, PFHxS, PFBA and PFHxA), with a human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) system. Our results demonstrate significant cyto- and potential developmental toxicity for all the compounds analyzed, with shared but also distinct mechanisms of toxicity. Moreover, the effects of PFBS and PFHxS were stronger than those of PFBA and PFHxA, but occurred at higher doses compared to PFOS or PFOA.     

Effects of soil properties on production and bioaccumulation of methylmercury in rice paddies at a mercury mining area, China

Rice paddy soil is recognized as the hotspot of mercury(Hg) methylation, which is mainly a biotic process mediated by many abiotic factors. In this study, effects of key soil properties on the production and bioaccumulation of Hg and methylmercury(MeHg) in Hg-contaminated rice paddies were investigated. Rice and soil samples were collected from the active Hg smelting site and abandoned Hg mining sites(a total of 124 paddy fields) in the Wanshan Mercury Mine, China. Total Hg(THg) and MeHg in soils and rice grains, together with sulfur(S),selenium(Se), organic matter(OM), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), mineral compositions(e.g., SiO_2, Al_2O_3 and Fe_2O_3) and pH in soils were quantified. The results showed that long-term Hg mining activities had resulted in THg and MeHg contaminations in soil-rice system. The newly-deposited atmospheric Hg was more readily methylated relative to the native Hg already in soils, which could be responsible for the elevated MeHg levels in soils and rice grains around the active artificial Hg smelting site. The MeHg concentrations in soils and rice grains showed a significantly negative relationship with soil N/Hg, S/Hg and OM/Hg ratio possibly due to the formation of low-bioavailability Hg–S(N)–OM complexes in rhizosphere. The Hg–Se antagonism undoubtedly occurred in soil-rice system, while its role in bioaccumulation of MeHg in the MeHg-contaminated rice paddies was minor. However, other soil properties showed less influence on the production and bioaccumulation of MeHg in rice paddies located at the Wanshan Mercury Mine zone.     

低温等离子体降解污染土壤热脱附尾气中DDTs

为优化低温等离子体技术对污染土壤热脱附尾气的处理效果,采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体处理含DDTs（滴滴涕）的热脱附尾气,控制进气中的ρ（DDTs）为2.873 mg/m3,考察了载气φ（O₂）、等离子体温度、载气湿度和脉冲电压对DDTs降解效果的影响,分析了O₃在降解过程中的作用.结果表明:①当氮气/氧气混合载气中φ（O₂）分别为0、3%、6%、10%、21%和100%时,DDTs降解率分别为80.1%、76.5%、78.4%、81.1%、88.8%和94.6%,ρ（O₃）分别为0、0.20、0.25、0.40、0.99和1.93 mg/L.随着φ（O₂）的增加,ρ（O₃）逐渐增大,除氮气气氛外,DDTs降解率均逐渐增大,当φ（O₂）超过10%时,DDTs降解率较氮气气氛下更高.p,p'-DDD降解率均为100%,p,p'-DDE和o,p'-DDT的降解率随φ（O₂）的增加而增大.氮气气氛下p,p'-DDT降解率高于低浓度氧气气氛,除氮气气氛外,p,p'-DDT降解率随φ（O₂）的增加而增大.②当等离子体温度分别为80、100和150 ℃时,DDTs降解率分别为88.8%、83.2%和56.3%,ρ（O₃）分别为0.99、0.65和0.35 mg/L.当载气湿度为0、1.0、2.7和20.5 g/m3时,DDTs降解率分别为88.8%、81.6%、68.6%和30.0%,ρ（O₃）分别为0.99、0.73、0.56和0.32 mg/L.随着等离子体温度升高、载气湿度增大,反应器内ρ（O₃）逐渐减小,DDTs降解率也随之降低.③DDTs降解率随脉冲电压的升高而增大,当脉冲电压为24 kV、脉冲频率为50 Hz、等离子体温度为80 ℃、气体在反应器中的停留时间为10 s时,DDTs降解率达86.9%.研究显示,脉冲电晕放电等离子体能够快速、有效地去除热脱附尾气中的DDTs.      

海洋石油平台导管架阴极保护监测数据分析与讨论

目的研究海洋石油平台腐蚀现状,确保导管架处于阴极保护状态。方法对近3年导管架阴极保护监测系统所采集的数据进行讨论,根据不同位置的电位电流传感器所获得的数据进行各个观测点位的腐蚀状态对比分析。结果通过对数据研究表明,该系统电位电流传感器所采集的数据翔实可靠,所收集到的导管架节点电极电位均在保护范围内。就现阶段而言,导管架牺牲阳极输出电流基本趋于稳定。结论该平台阴极保护监测设备运行良好,所测点位均处于阴极保护状态,且基本达到完全极化,对该海域新建平台防腐设计具有重要的参考价值。