电子废弃物回收处置及再循环利用——基于在校大学生的问卷调查

随着现代科技的迅猛发展和人们消费水平的日益提高，越来越多的电子产品被时尚性淘汰，其次是功能性淘汰，而由于耐久性淘汰的电子废弃物所占比例越来越低。问卷调查结果表明，体验消费、追求时尚和更多功能是在校大学生消费电子产品的主要特征；大多数被调查者不满意目前的电子废弃物回收途径，期待能有所改善；接近三成的在校大学生不知道如何合理处置电子废弃物；消费者、生产者和废品回收者的环保意识水平较低，市场不规范和政府在法律法规及监管上的疏漏，是造成目前电子废弃物回收市场秩序混乱的主要原因。     

建立优质种苗示范基地，加快发展海南椰子产业

通过对海南椰子生产现状的分析，本文指出了建立优质良种椰子种苗生产示范基地的必要性和重要性，并针对一些需要解决的问题，提出了加快海南椰子产业发展的建议。     

Product modular design incorporating life cycle issues - Group Genetic Algorithm (GGA) based method

Traditional design methods lead to serious environmental problems because of the oversight of life cycle issues such as recycling. For solving these problems, a new modular design method is proposed with the considerations of not only the traditional function related attributes, but also the life cycle related ones. These attributes form what we call Modular Driving Forces (MDFs). The proposed method first determines what MDFs should be included and what their weights should be. Then the component to component relations with each specific MDF are generated and expressed in a matrix. After that, the comprehensive relations between components with different MDFs are established with the introduction of a comprehensive relation matrix for further modular optimization. Each element in the comprehensive matrix denotes the relation of every two components affected by all the MDFs. Finally, Group Genetic Algorithm (GGA) is employed to conduct modular optimization. The modular object adaptive function constructed for GGA optimization is to maximize the interactions between components within modules. The proposed method is explained by a case study of a refrigerator. Sensitivity analysis shows that the proposed method is robust.     

光助Fenton氧化、化学絮凝法联合处理R盐废水的研究

采用光助Fenton氧化、化学絮凝法联合处理生物难降解的R盐废水,考察了不同反应条件对处理效果的影响。试验结果表明,光助Fenton氧化、化学絮凝法联合处理废水,两者之间存在协同作用,可以提高处理效果,降低处理成本。在最佳试验条件下,R盐废水经光助Fenton氧化、化学絮凝法联合处理后,COD去除率可达90%以上。     

厌氧氨氧化菌的培养与推流式反应器氨厌氧工艺

采用推流式固定化絮体生物反应器培养出高活性的厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)红色颗粒污泥.在稳定运行后,反应器的NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N去除率皆大于98%,TN平均去除率为86%,NO₃^--N的生成率约为14%,TN去除负荷达2.56kg/(m³·d).同时考察了进水基质比例对反应器性能的影响,并用扫描电镜观察了颗粒结构.     

泰山顶与济南市大气臭氧浓度变化规律研究

利用2003年7月至9月在泰山顶和济南市3个月的臭氧（O3）自动连续监测数据,对两地O3浓度的频率分布、日变化和日际变化等特征进行对照分析。实验结果表明,泰山顶O3小时平均浓度频率分布比较集中,济南市O3小时平均浓度频率分布比较分散。泰山顶各月O3小时平均浓度的平均值和日均值均高于济南市;泰山顶O3小时平均浓度的最大值低于济南市,而O3小时平均浓度的最小值要高于济南市。泰山顶O3小时平均浓度日变化规律与济南市O3小时平均浓度日变化规律有很大差别,泰山顶O3小时平均浓度日变化很平缓,最大值与最小值相差不大,济南市O3小时平均浓度一般在中午和午后浓度较高,早晨和夜晚较低。     

溶解氧对OLAND生物膜反应器硝化性能的影响及其微生物种群动态研究

采用以多孔球悬浮填料为载体的限氧亚硝化生物膜处理高氨氮、低碳源的废水,通过对DO控制在0.5~1.0 mg/L,实现硝化阶段出水中的氨氮与亚硝态氮的比例达到最适值1∶(1.2±0.2),从而为后阶段的厌氧氨氧化系统提供理想的进水,进而提高氮的去除率;同时应用PCR-DGGE对硝化阶段不同时期的生物膜中微生物的种群动态变化进行了分析。研究表明,群落结构和优势种群的数量具有时序动态性,微生物多样性与废水的处理效果出现协同变化的特征。测序结果表明,在生物膜中进行氨氧化作用的主要为亚硝化杆菌(Ni-trosomonassp.)、亚硝化螺菌(Nitrosospirasp.);进行亚硝酸氧化的主要为硝化球菌(Nitrococcussp.)。     

企业安全教育培训工作初探

针对企业安全教育培训工作的现状 ,就如何开展好企业的安全教育培训工作和安全教育培训的对象、内容、形式、方法及效果进行了探讨。     

谈抓好班组安全建设的认识

抓好班组安全建设 ,必须做到领导、思想教育、安全管理三个到位     

Thermal degradation of hexachlorobenzene in the presence of calcium oxide at 340–400 °C

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the milligram range was co-heated with calcium oxide (CaO) powder in sealed glass ampoules at 340–400 °C. The heated samples were characterized and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, ion chromatography, and thermal/optical carbon analysis. The degradation products of HCB were studied at different temperatures and heated times. The amorphous carbon was firstly quantitatively evaluated and was thought to be important fate of the C element of HCB. The yield of amorphous carbon in products increased with heating time, for samples treated for 8 h at 340, 380 °C and 400 °C, the value were 17.5%, 34.8% and 50.2%, respectively. After identification of the dechlorination products, the HCB degradation on CaO at 340–400 °C was supposed to through dechlorination/polymerization pathway, which is induced by electron transfer, generate chloride ions and form high-molecular weight intermediates with significant levels of both hydrogen and chlorine, and finally form amorphous carbon. Higher temperature was beneficial for the dechlorination/polymerization efficiency. The results are helpful for clarifying the reaction mechanism for thermal degradation of chlorinated aromatics in alkaline matrices.