环境变化对鸟类种群结构的影响研究

文章将镇江市域内主要优势种树麻雀作为指示种,通过对种群数量、时空分布、不同生境分布、栖息地和森林植被等方面对树麻雀的生态影响进行了调查研究。结果表明：各生境中,分布密度以乡村与城镇最高,农田次之,森林、灌丛及水域最低;植被变化、城乡建设、以及农药、化肥的施用是引起某些鸟类数量变化的重要原因;以鸟类为代表的野生动物与环境关系密切,其分布区域和种群数量的变化以及群落参数变化反映和预示了环境的变化趋势。     

码头港作机械大气污染物排放清单研究

目前,国内对于港口港作机械的大气污染物排放计算方法尚未开展深入研究。在国内外文献综合分析的基础上,结合上海港各类港作机械现状调研结果,对港作机械污染物排放计算方法进行了上海本地化校正,建立了2010年上海港码头港作机械大气污染物排放清单,并提出相应的排放减排措施和进一步完善排放计算方法的思路。     

安全仪表系统可靠性评估技术探讨

介绍了安全仪表系统在现代过程工业中的作用以及与基本控制系统的区别,阐述了安全完整性等级(SIL)和误停车率(STR)的概念,重点分析了可靠性评估中SIL验证和STR计算方法。     

水体中抗生素的检测及去除方法研究综述

抗生素是目前世界上应用最广泛的药物之一。大量抗生素的使用,不可避免地给自然环境造成巨大的压力。由于污水截流不彻底等原因,工业、养殖及医疗活动等进入环境中的抗生素通过各种途径进入饮用水体,对水质安全及人类健康构成威胁。针对抗生素对水环境造成的污染,讨论目前国内外水环境中抗生素检测技术和去除手段的研究情况,主要对水中抗生素的富集方法、仪器检测及臭氧氧化去除技术进行分析,最后对抗生素污染的研究方向进行了展望。     

社会组织应对突发性海洋灾害存在的问题、原因与对策

我国社会组织在突发性海洋灾害应对中存在着参与水平不高、有效配合不足的问题,这与"强国家-弱社会"的传统格局、社会组织相关立法不健全、志愿者动员不充分因素有关。因此,需要通过整合社会组织内部资源,强化自身力量;优化权责分配,建立健全政府与社会组织协同应对的机制;强化公民参与的主体意识,提高公民参与能力等途径,来加强社会组织应对突发性海洋灾害的能力。     

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of dietary Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide against TCDD-induced hepatic injury and RT-PCR quantification of AHR2, ARNT2, CYP1A mRNA in Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

To evaluate the protective effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GPS) against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced hepatotoxicity in Jian carp, the fish were fed diets containing GPS at doses of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg for 60 days before an intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 μg/kg TCDD at a volume of 0.05 mL/10 g body weight. At 72 hr post-injection, blood and liver samples were taken for biochemical analysis and the fish liver samples were used for the preparation of pathological slices. The results showed that increases in alanine aminotransferase (GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in serum induced by TCDD were significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with 1.0 g/kg GPS. Following the 1.0 g/kg GPS pre-treatment, total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in liver tissue increased significantly, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) was significantly inhibited, and the expression of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AHR2) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) mRNA (P < 0.05) was significantly enhanced. Histological observations on fish liver were obtained by preparing paraffin tissue sections via HE staining, and the results showed that histological changes were obviously reduced by 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg GPS. GPS significantly reduced liver tissue damage caused by TCDD. Overall, these results proved the hepatoprotective effect of GPS in protecting against fish liver injury induced by TCDD, and supported the use of GPS (1.0 g/kg) as a hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent in fish.     

Pollution characteristics, sources and lung cancer risk of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a new urban district of Nanjing, China

This paper focused on the pollution characteristics,sources and lung cancer risk of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in a new urban district of Nanjing,China.Gaseous and aerosol PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than2.5 urn) samples were collected in spring of 2015.Sixteen PAHs were extracted and analyzed after sampling.Firstly,arithmetic mean concentrations of PAHs and BaP_(eq)(benzo[a]pyrene equivalent) were calculated.The mean concentrations of PAHs were 29.26±14.13,18.14±5.37 and 48.47±16.03 ng/m~3 in gas phase,particle phase and both phases,respectively.The mean concentrations of BaP_(eq) were 0.87±0.51,2.71±2.17 and 4.06±2.31 ng/m~3 in gas phase,particle phase and both phases,respectively.Secondly,diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis were adopted to identify the sources of PAHs and the outcomes were the same:traffic exhaust was the predominant source followed by fuel combustion and industrial process.Finally,incremental lung cancer risk(ILCR) induced by whole year inhalation exposure to PAHs for population groups of different age and gender were estimated based on a Monte Carlo simulation.ILCR values caused by particle phase PAHs were greater than those caused by gas phase PAHs.ILCR values for adults were greater than those for other age groups.ILCR values caused by total(gas + particle) PAHs for diverse groups were all greater than the significant level(10~6),indicating high potential lung cancer risk.Sensitivity analysis results showed that cancer slope factor for BaP inhalation exposure and BaP_(eq) concentration had greater impact than body weight and inhalation rate on the ILCR.     

Removal of natural organic matter by cationic hydrogel with magnetic properties

Magnetic cationic hydrogel (MCH) was synthesized, and its removal efficiency and mechanisms in regard to natural organic matter (NOM, represented by humic acid and fulvic acid) from the aqueous environment were studied. The effects of time, adsorbent dosage, initial pH, ionic strength, background ions, and NOM types were also investigated. MCH was characterized and found to have a strong magnetic character, yielding an extra advantage for recycling and reuse. Batch studies showed that the removal of Aldrich humic acid (AHA) by MCH was effective. The main mechanism for the removal of NOM is believed to be due to electrostatic interaction. NOM with larger molecular weight tended to be preferentially removed. Solutions with low pH, high ionic strength, and background electrolytes containing calcium, sulfate and bicarbonate were unfavorable for AHA removal. The adsorption-desorption of MCH was evaluated in three cycles, and demonstrated high regeneration rates.     

河北省产业结构与就业结构的灰色关联实证分析

运用灰色关联分析方法,分析了河北省产业结构升级及三次产业内部结构对劳动力就业的影响,揭示了河北省产业结构调整过程中存在的问题及扩大就业存在的障碍,并提出促进就业结构良性发展的建议。     

道路交通安全状况预测及管理规划方案研究

为研究道路交通安全规划方案的设计,探讨国内外道路交通安全状况规划方案的研究现状。以台州市为例,在对台州市的交通安全特性统计分析的基础上,针对台州市道路交通安全现状,进行了安全趋势分析。从预测可以看出,随着台州市经济的持续增长、道路交通的快速发展,台州市的道路交通安全形势不容乐观,面临道路交通事故有可能继续上升的巨大压力。结合台州市区道路交通安全管理规划的目标,重点从完善道路基础设施及安全设施、建立交通安全管理的科技保障体系、构建台州市道路交通事故紧急救援系统3个方面提出近期道路交通安全管理规划方案,有效地提高台州市道路交通安全水平。