基础工程施工中的事故隐患与整改

基础施工是基础设施建设中的首要环节,是整个工程建设赖以进行的基础工作,因而国家颁布了一系列标准与规程,用以确保施工质量与安全。本文就基础工程施工中事故隐患的整改谈谈个人看法。     

美国《有毒物质控制法》的修订进展和启示

回顾了美国《有毒物质控制法》(TSCA)的诞生、作用、修订的缘由、修订的过程和进展。从运用定量构效关系(QSAR)技术、完善生物测试技术、增加我国化学品管理领域的风险评估、推广绿色化学概念和规范信息管理与公开等5个方面阐述了TSCA的修订给我国化学品管理工作带来的启示。     

分光光度法与容量法测定COD_(Cr)值的对比实验

本文将CODCr测定的重铬酸钾褪色法运用于本监测中心的日常样品测定中,并且与《GB11914—89水质化学需氧量》方法进行了同时测定,结果相同,另外还推算出了消除硫酸铬干扰产生的曲线校值系数,应用此系数的倒数乘褪色方程的斜率得出新方程,将双波长测定改为单波长测定,两种方程计算结果一致。     

Regional governance and hazard information: the role of co-ordinated risk assessment and regional spatial accounting in wildfire hazard mitigation

With the threat of wildfire hanging over many communities in the Western and Southern United States, wildfire mitigation is evolving into a significant public responsibility for rural and urban edge county governments. Regional governance is an important piece of the effort to reduce wildfire risks although still weakly developed as a policy arena. This project explores two dimensions in which planning support systems can support regional governance: assessing patterns of wildfire risk accumulation; and, evaluating land use planning alternatives and their effects on cumulative risk levels. These tools are examined for regional governance using a prototype planning information system, the Alternative Growth Futures (AGF) tool, a scenario-building approach developed at the University of Colorado Denver. The project develops a hybrid urban growth model that integrates logistic regression techniques and methods for simulation of growth alternatives. This model is used to evaluate the attractiveness of undeveloped building sites with respect to natural amenities, distance to primary urban services and site characteristics such as slope. The model and scenario-testing framework are reasonably robust and suggest that regional spatial accounting methods have potential as a framework for inter-governmental and public discussion around wildfire planning.     

连续培养酱油曲霉（Aspergillussojae）产微生物絮凝剂的研究

为了利用廉价材料规模化生产微生物絮凝剂,以味精废水作为廉价培养基质,对酱油曲霉的摇瓶连续培养和发酵罐连续培养进行了研究。摇瓶中以5％的接种量进行连续培养,最适温度在30～33℃之间,每6h替换一次新鲜废水培养基,5次替换新鲜废水培养基后最大絮凝率仍达到97．8％。在发酵罐扩大连续培养中以5％的接种量接种后经过9h预培养达到稳定生产絮凝剂后,以4mL／min的补料流量进行连续培养,生产的絮凝剂产量达到2．392g／L,且最大絮凝率为98．1％。生产36h后对发酵系统中菌体进行稀释,使菌体量保持在50—200g／L之间可持续进行生产。     

有机磷农药纳米磁珠酶联免疫分析方法研究

将有机磷农药通用抗体固化在自行制备的纳米磁珠表面,以甲醇、丙酮、pH及包被纳米磁珠的抗体稀释度为主要影响因素,依据均匀设计法和间接竞争酶联免疫反应原理,对纳米磁珠酶联免疫分析(ELISA)方法进行了优化,并开展了纳米磁珠抗体复合物对多种有机磷农药识别作用的比较研究。结果表明,无论是甲醇还是丙酮,抗体稀释度与溶剂互作对半抑制浓度(IC50)的影响最大;与传统ELISA相比,纳米磁珠间接竞争ELISA对毒死蜱、喹硫磷、敌百虫、三唑磷、乙拌磷、伏杀磷、对硫磷、敌敌畏和久效磷均有较好的识别作用,IC50为1.29～6.34μg/mL,比传统ELISA降低了68.3%～95.6%,灵敏度大大提高。     

浙江近岸海域海水和沉积物中铬形态分布特征研究

本研究在浙江近岸4个海域开展同步采样和观测,分析海水和沉积物中铬（Cr）形态分布特征。结果表明,表层海水总Cr浓度范围为0.405～0.653μg/L,Cr(Ⅵ)浓度范围为0.009～0.087μg/L;底层海水总Cr浓度范围为0.426～0.638μg/L,Cr(Ⅵ)范围为0.005～0.099μg/L,海水中Cr形态含量分布与深度无相关性。沉积物中Cr含量范围为50～82 mg/kg,以残渣态为主;有效态Cr的含量大小依次为有机结合态Cr>铁锰氧化物结合态Cr>离子交换态Cr>碳酸盐结合态Cr;沉积物中水溶态Cr(Ⅵ)含量范围为2.99～11.71μg/kg,小于0.02 mg/kg。上述结果表明,浙江近岸海域环境存在一定程度的Cr污染,但水溶态Cr(Ⅵ)含量低,潜在风险较小。     

Composition, sources, and potential toxicological significance of PAHs in the surface sediments of the Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China

Twenty-five surface sediment samples were collected from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China, in 2003. The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), identified as priority pollutants by the USEPA, were determined by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS). Total concentrations of the PAHs ranged from 1207 to 4754 ng/g dry weight. Sediment samples with the highest PAH concentrations were from the northern site of the bay, which is in proximity to the incoming PAH source; the PAH levels in the southern part were relatively low. The observed PAH levels were higher than those in river sediments in China but were lower than those found in sediments of urban areas and harbors. According to the observed molecular indices, PAHs originated largely from the high-temperature pyrolytic process, whereas the petrogenic process was more commonly responsible for PAH contamination in harbors. A good correlation existed between the benzo[a]pyrene level and the total PAH concentration (r=0.97), making benzo[a]pyrene a potential molecular marker for PAH pollution. According to the numerical effect-based sediment quality guideline (SQGs) of the United States, the levels of PAHs at most studied sites in Meiliang Bay, except some sites in the northern part of the bay, should not exert adverse biological effects. In the northern part of the bay, the PAH levels at sites 21 and 22 exceed the effects range low (ERL) and could thus cause acute biological impairments, in comparison with the sediment quality guidelines. The total PAH levels were expressed as the B[a]P toxicity equivalents (TEQs(carc)) and compared to the contaminated sediments from Guba Pechenga, Barents Sea, Russia.     

武汉城市圈碳排放的时空格局及影响因素分解研究

碳排放导致的全球气候变化已对人类社会与经济发展产生了深刻影响,构建一套适合“两型社会”的碳排放核算体系对于武汉城市圈寻求合理的碳减排途径具有重要的意义。以IPCC碳排放清单为依据,从4个一级项目27个二级项目系统地计算了武汉市城市圈2001～2009年各城市的碳排放总量和碳排放强度。并进一步运用迪氏对数指标分解模型（Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Method,LMDI）定量分解了影响武汉城市圈碳排放的影响因素。研究发现：废弃物处理是武汉城市圈碳排量最多的项目,碳排放主要集中在武汉、黄石、孝感和黄冈等市,城市圈碳排放总量、碳排放地理强度和经济强度的年均递增(减)率分别为186%、022%和606%。能源结构、能源效率是抑制碳排放的主要因素,经济水平是碳排放增长的主要原因,人口效应对碳排放的影响不大,其累计贡献值分别为-22 879.85万t、-5 173.10万t、14 258.36万t和58231万t。为降低碳排放,城市圈需在推进废弃物处理技术、新能源开发、产业升级和构建低碳补偿等方面做出改进     

含己内酰胺污泥的兼氧代谢处理

对己内酰胺污泥进行了兼氧处理,结果表明,经过24h的兼氧代谢,生成了2531mg/L的乙酸,己内酰胺和有机物均降解80％以上。