单质硫改性介孔炭对水溶液中汞的吸附性能研究

对介孔炭CMK-3进行单质硫改性得到OMC-S,并通过静态吸附实验研究了该材料对水溶液中汞的吸附性能。研究结果表明：单质硫改性可以在介孔炭上负载12.33%的硫,从而使得介孔炭对汞的吸附容量从185 mg/g提高到476 mg/g;OMC-S具有较广的适用pH值范围,在pH 3～11.5范围内其对汞的吸附去除率均达到92%以上;氯离子对OMC-S的吸附性能具有一定的抑制作用,原因在于它能和汞离子络合形成一系列吸附性能较差的Hg-Cl络合物,而腐殖酸在所研究的范围内对OMC-S的吸附性能无明显影响。     

2007年5～8月云南省雷电活动特点和致灾因子分析

对2007年5～8月雷电活动及其灾害成因进行了分析,结果表明:云南雷电活动频繁,但空间分布不均匀;雷电活动的时间分布基本呈一峰一谷变化,峰值出现在17～18时,谷值出现在10～11时;雷击灾害发生的可能性不但与闪电频数有关,还与闪电强度有关,闪电一般发生在回波强度≥40 dBz、组合反射率≥45 dBz、回波顶高≥12 km的具有典型强对流特征的区域;回波强度越强、顶高越高,发生雷电的可能性越大,出现的雷电灾害越严重;低槽切变、两高辐合型北方系统以及南海低压、热带辐合带型、西行台风型南方热带系统为雷电的发生发展提供了有利的环流背景以及动力、热力或者水汽条件;雷电发生在SI<0℃和θse850-θse500>6℃的强烈对流不稳定区域内.     

评价城市基础设施自然灾害连锁效应的结构方法

介绍一种新的结构方法来评价城市基础设施自然灾害及连锁效应,通过对城市基础设施任务有效性变化的结果分析(第一步)和脆弱性分析(第二步)实现了城市基础设施自然灾害从定性到定量的精确评价,为城市基础设施防灾减灾研究提供一种方法指导和解决措施.     

湖南长株潭城市群灾害应急管理能力评价

以城市应急管理能力及其内涵为基础,运用层次分析法,对湖南长株潭城市群灾害应急管理能力进行综合评价.结果表明:①从时间上看,长株潭灾害应急管理能力综合评分值由2005年的5.67、3.66、3.34分别增加到2006年的5.82、4.20、3.98,说明长株潭灾害应急管理能力均有所增强,这是因为应急管理能力是随城市社会经济的发展而增强的;②从空间上看,长株潭灾害应急管理能力存在一定的区域差异;③从整体上看,长株潭的灾害应急管理能力排名为长沙市＞株洲市＞湘潭市,其主要是由城市化水平及经济实力的差异所致.     

Change of Flood Patterns in China under the Influences of Climate Change and Human Activities

Based on the flood affected area （FA） data of the provinces in China from 1950 to 2005, the article discusses the change of the flood patterns in China, and investigates its relationship with climate change and human activities. The flood center shifted from North China and the Yangtze-Huaihe basin in the 1950s towards the south, north and west of China, and located in the south of the Yangtze River and South China after the 1990s. The FA in the western provinces was continuously on the rise since the 1950s. There are two characteristics for the future flood pattem in China. The pattern of ＂flood in the south and drought in the north＂ depends on the north-south shift of the maximum rainfall region in eastern China. The flood intensification to the west of Hu Huanyong＇s line mainly results from the increase of rainfall, extreme precipitation and the melting of glaciers under the background of human activity magnification.     

Global climate change and regional sustainable development: the case of Mackenzie Basin in Canada

Cohen et al. [16] suggest that in order to explore ways to bring climate change (CC) and sustainable development (SD) research together, it is necessary to develop more heuristic tools that can involve resource users and other stakeholders. In this respect, this paper focuses on methodological development in research to study climate change impacts and regional sustainable development (RSD). It starts with an introduction of an integrated land assessment framework (ILAF) which is part of the integrated phase of the Mackenzie Basin Impact Study (MBIS) in Canada. The paper then provides some articulation on how the integrated approach was applied in the Mackenzie Basin to show implications of climate change for RSD.     

Distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils near a petrochemical complex in Guangzhou, China

The aim of the study was to investigate influence of an industrialized environment on the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils. Seventy soil samples collected from surface layers (0-20 cm) and horizons of five selected pedons in the vicinity area of petrochemical complex in Guangzhou, China were analyzed for Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As concentrations, the horizontal and vertical variation of these metals were studied and geographic information system (GIS)-based mapping techniques were applied to generate spatial distribution maps. The mean concentrations of these heavy metals in the topsoils did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations in agricultural soil of China with the exception of Hg. Significant differences between land-use types showed that Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As concentrations in topsoils were strongly influenced by agricultural practices and soil management. Within a radius of 1,300 m there were no marked decreasing trends for these element concentrations (except for Zn) with the increase of distance from the complex boundary, which reflected little influence of petroleum air emission on soil heavy metal accumulation. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As in the five pedons, particularly in cultivated vegetable field and orchard, decreased with soil depth, indicating these elements mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. GIS mapping was a useful tool for evaluating spatial variability of heavy metals in the affected soil. The spatial distribution maps allowed the identification of hot-spot areas with high metal concentration. Effective measures should be taken to avoid or minimize heavy metal further contamination of soils and to remediate the contaminated areas in order to prevent pollutants affecting human health through agricultural products.     

新型除磷混凝剂的研制与应用＊

实验以处理金属表面所产生的磷化废水为研究对象,系统地分析了在新型混凝剂的使用过程中,pH值、温度、石灰投入量、沉降时间、助剂A等因素对脱磷效果的影响。结果表明,含磷量为18mg/L、COD为300mg/L、SS为150mg/L、pH值为5.7～6.5的废水,石灰投入量为300mg/L、沉降时间为10min左右、温度为25℃、pH值调节至9.0、加入5mL助剂A处理后,废水中磷含量为0.25～0.35mg/L、COD为80mg/L、SS为60mg/L,满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)中的一级标准。     

粉煤灰去除地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)的试验研究

为了去除孔隙地下水中的污染组分Cr(Ⅵ),我们取工业废弃物--粉煤灰为实验介质,在不改变原水状况的条件下,通过室内试验对比了粉煤灰和活化后粉煤灰的处理效果,并分析讨论了其去除机理.确定活化粉煤灰处理地下水的最佳运行参数:介质与污染组分的重量比为260 000∶1,反应时间为40 min.结果表明,处理后水中Cr(Ⅵ)达到地下水质量标准的Ⅲ类标准,为今后的水质处理工程奠定了基础.     

On the Food Disasters in the Lower Jingjiang Reaches: Grey Prediction Model and Application

In the light of the historical substantial data (covering a 70-year period) collected in the Lower Jingjiang segment and aided by topological grey method, here we attempt to characterize the occurrence and future trend of flood calamities in the study area. Our findings indicate that overall the high-frequent flood disasters with middle to lower damage prevail at present. A series of dramatic flood waves will appear in the years of 2016, 2022, 2030and 2042, particularly a destructive flood will occur between 2041 and 2045 in the Lower Jingjiang reaches. Typical of sensitive response to flood hazards in close association with its special geographical location, the lower Jingjiang segment hereby can reflect the development trend of floods in the middle Yangtze reaches. According to the results, a good fitness was revealed between the prediction and practical values. This actually hints that the topological grey method is an effective mathematical means of resolving problems containing uncertainty and indetermination, thus providing valuable information for the flood prediction in the middle Yangtze catchment.