溶解氧对OLAND生物膜反应器硝化性能的影响及其微生物种群动态研究

采用以多孔球悬浮填料为载体的限氧亚硝化生物膜处理高氨氮、低碳源的废水,通过对DO控制在0.5~1.0 mg/L,实现硝化阶段出水中的氨氮与亚硝态氮的比例达到最适值1∶(1.2±0.2),从而为后阶段的厌氧氨氧化系统提供理想的进水,进而提高氮的去除率;同时应用PCR-DGGE对硝化阶段不同时期的生物膜中微生物的种群动态变化进行了分析。研究表明,群落结构和优势种群的数量具有时序动态性,微生物多样性与废水的处理效果出现协同变化的特征。测序结果表明,在生物膜中进行氨氧化作用的主要为亚硝化杆菌(Ni-trosomonassp.)、亚硝化螺菌(Nitrosospirasp.);进行亚硝酸氧化的主要为硝化球菌(Nitrococcussp.)。     

企业安全教育培训工作初探

针对企业安全教育培训工作的现状 ,就如何开展好企业的安全教育培训工作和安全教育培训的对象、内容、形式、方法及效果进行了探讨。     

谈抓好班组安全建设的认识

抓好班组安全建设 ,必须做到领导、思想教育、安全管理三个到位     

Thermal degradation of hexachlorobenzene in the presence of calcium oxide at 340–400 °C

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the milligram range was co-heated with calcium oxide (CaO) powder in sealed glass ampoules at 340–400 °C. The heated samples were characterized and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, ion chromatography, and thermal/optical carbon analysis. The degradation products of HCB were studied at different temperatures and heated times. The amorphous carbon was firstly quantitatively evaluated and was thought to be important fate of the C element of HCB. The yield of amorphous carbon in products increased with heating time, for samples treated for 8 h at 340, 380 °C and 400 °C, the value were 17.5%, 34.8% and 50.2%, respectively. After identification of the dechlorination products, the HCB degradation on CaO at 340–400 °C was supposed to through dechlorination/polymerization pathway, which is induced by electron transfer, generate chloride ions and form high-molecular weight intermediates with significant levels of both hydrogen and chlorine, and finally form amorphous carbon. Higher temperature was beneficial for the dechlorination/polymerization efficiency. The results are helpful for clarifying the reaction mechanism for thermal degradation of chlorinated aromatics in alkaline matrices.     

太滆运河流域葡萄园径流污染规律分析

选择常州市太滆运河流域的葡萄园开展非点源污染类型源试验,监测葡萄园的降雨、产流及产污过程,计算次降雨平均浓度(EMCs),并结合施肥等葡萄园管理措施分析葡萄园径流污染特征及影响因素.结果表明,EMCs与平均降雨强度总体上呈负相关关系,而且不同场次降雨的EMCs差异很大；对于同一场次降雨,径流的产生滞后于降雨,污染物浓度也随径流过程而不断变化.污染物流失是一个复杂的过程,受降雨量、降雨强度、施肥等诸多因素的影响.     

Microbial response to repeated treatments of manure containing sulfadiazine and chlortetracycline in soil

Substantive addition of antibiotic-contaminated manure to agricultural soil may lead to “persistent” residues of antibiotics and may affect soil health. Therefore, this study examines the effects of repeated manure treatments containing sulfadiazine (SDZ) and chlortetracycline (CTC) residues, both individually and combined, on the functional diversity and structure of soil microbial communities in the soils under laboratory conditions. The average well color development (AWCD), Simpson diversity index (1/D, dominant populations), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′, richness), and McIntosh diversity index (U, evenness) in the antibiotics-treated soils decreased in the first 60-day treatment and then gradually recovered or even exceeded the initial level in the unamended soils with increasing treatment frequency. A total of 11 specific bands in temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) profiles were observed and sequence analyzed for five repeated treatments, and most of them belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. These results indicate that repeated treatments of manure containing SDZ and CTC residues can alter soil microbial community structure, although they have a temporary suppression effect on soil microbial functional diversity.     

低压放空天然气的高效再利用

为了提高试采放空天然气的利用率,考虑将不能输送的放空低压气进行技术增压,达到输送压力后,使其进入油气处理装置进行分离,其中一部分通过注气压缩机回注至地层,保持地层压力,提高油田凝析油采收率和延长油气田开发时间,实现低压气的高效利用。对站外试采井的低压放空气进行增压回收,减少了天然气资源浪费,实现了向资源节约型、环境保护企业的健康发展。     

Coping with the liquidity crisis: a new dynamic quota readjustment scheme for carbon markets

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Because of insufficient liquidity, prices in the carbon market are more vulnerable to unexpected events, for which the impact duration lasts longer than that...     

集约化畜禽养殖对环境的污染及防治研究

治理集约化畜禽养殖废弃物污染,开展废弃物的资源化利用,是解决中国畜牧业环境污染问题的主要路径。文章详述了中国畜禽养殖业污染问题的产生及对环境可能造成的影响,分析了畜禽废弃物处理措施与资源化利用的主要方式及其效果和存在的问题,并提出了控制畜禽粪污染物的对策和环境管理建议,将有助于推动中国畜禽养殖业的可持续发展,改善农业生态环境及农村人居环境。