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911.
采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定了河北省某准好氧填埋场作业台阶表面的温室气体CO2释放通量,分析了填埋时期和导气管距离对CO2释放通量的影响。结果表明:导气管附近区域表面的CO2释放量较大,且不同区域的CO2释放通量存在明显差异(最大值和最小值分别278.6和12.5 g/(m2.d);同一区域上午、中午和下午的CO2释放通量差异相对较小,但中午和下午高于上午。同时,填埋4、8、12和16个月区域的CO2平均释放通量分别为56.9,70.0,110.2和47.0 g/(m2.d),即CO2的释放通量随着填埋龄的增加呈现先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,并在填埋12个月达到CO2释放通量的最大值。此外,各填埋区作业台阶表面CO2释放通量随着距离导气管距离的增加呈指数函数递减的趋势。 相似文献
912.
为了控制不安全行为在建筑工人中的传播和流行,基于社会学习理论,通过行为调查、理论分析和案例研究,对建筑工人不安全行为的模仿与学习的方式、过程和影响因素进行了研究,提出了控制不安全行为传播的策略。结果表明:模仿与学习是建筑工人不安全行为复制和传播的重要方式和途径,对新不安全行为产生起着联系和催化作用。建筑工人不安全行为的模仿与学习的方式有视听式、想象式和参与式,其中视听式是最主要方式。建筑工人不安全行为的模仿与学习的影响因素涵盖榜样及其行为、模仿者和模仿学习过程。其中,榜样的权威性和影响力是最重要的增强因素,不安全行为后果的威慑力是最重要的抑制因素。 相似文献
913.
在大涡模拟中嵌入湍流涡耗散概念(EDC)模型,可实现全尺度火灾过程中复杂化学反应的数值模拟及毒性气体产物的捕集。利用新模型对某沙发作坊火灾场景进行数值重构,并利用N-GAS模型评估火灾烟气的毒性,研究氰化氢(HCN)对火灾烟气毒性的影响。结果表明:全尺度火灾场景中基于EDC模型的火灾烟气数值模拟具有可行性;火灾烟气毒性评价显示人员死亡的主要原因是烟气毒性作用,并非高温灼烧,与火灾调查结果一致;含HCN的烟气毒性评价值超出不含HCN的烟气一个数量级,且超出危险临界值1.0;HCN的存在极大地增加了火灾烟气的毒性,表明其对多组分火灾烟气毒性有重要影响。 相似文献
914.
2010年1月上海市政府颁布了《崇明生态岛建设纲要(2010-2020)》,本文从2013年9月1日至2014年8月31日运用颗粒物采集仪器于森林公园、绿华、现代农业园区、城桥四个空气自动监测点位监测PM10和PM2.5,分析PM10和PM2.5的浓度与风向的关系得出PM10和PM2.5污染与江对面的吴淞工业区、宝钢、石洞口电厂、罗店工业区乃至江苏太仓沿江工业区的污染物排放密切相关,在相当大的程度上主要是来自于他们的贡献. 相似文献
915.
916.
针对宁夏电网 220 kV 及以上部分线路保护信号传输通道配置存在的问题,按照“国家电网公司十八项电网重大反事故措施”具体要求对其进行了详细分析,并提出了相应的优化策略。应用结果表明:该优化策略体现了线路保护信号传输通道的有效性和合理性,使其安全可靠性得到显著提升 相似文献
917.
Spatial distribution of archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers in the littoral buffer zone of a nitrogen-rich lake 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yu Wang Guibing Zhu Lei Ye Xiaojuan Feng Huub J. M. Op den Camp Chengqing Yin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(5):790-799
The spatial distribution and diversity of archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers (AOA and AOB) were evaluated targeting amoA genes in the gradient of a littoral buffer zone which has been identified as a hot spot for N cycling. Here we found high spatial heterogeneity in the nitrification rate and abundance of ammonia oxidizers in the five sampling sites. The bacterial amoA gene was numerically dominant in most of the surface soil but decreased dramatically in deep layers. Higher nitrification potentials were detected in two sites near the land/water interface at 4.4-6.1 μg NO2--N/(g dry weight soil·hr), while only 1.0-1.7 μg NO2--N/(g dry weight soil·hr) was measured at other sites. The potential nitrification rates were proportional to the amoA gene abundance for AOB, but with no significant correlation with AOA. The NH4 + concentration was the most determinative parameter for the abundance of AOB and potential nitrification rates in this study. Higher richness in the surface layer was found in the analysis of biodiversity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the bacterial amoA sequences in surface soil were affiliated with the genus of Nitrosopira while the archaeal sequences were almost equally affiliated with Candidatus ‘Nitrososphaera gargensis’ and Candidatus ‘Nitrosocaldus yellowstonii’. The spatial distribution of AOA and AOB indicated that bacteria may play a more important role in nitrification in the littoral buffer zone of a N-rich lake. 相似文献
918.
Contamination by persistent toxic substances in surface sediment of urban rivers in Chaohu City, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The concentration and spatial distribution of persistent toxic substances (PTS) in the river sediment in Chaohu City, China were investigated. A total of nine surface sediments were collected and the selected PTS pollutants including six heavy metals and nineteen polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed. The mean heavy metal concentrations (in mg/kg, dry weight) ranged within 0.18-1.53 (Hg), 50.08-200.18 (Cu), 118.70-313.65 (Zn), 50.77-310.85 (Cr), 37.12-92.72 (Pb) and 13.29-197.24 (As), and Cu, Zn and As have been regarded as the main metal pollutants. The levels of PBDEs (1.2-12.1 ng/g) and BDE-209 (2.4-30.5 ng/g) were at the middle level of the global range. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (67.0%-85.7%), which agrees with the fact that technical deca-BDE mixtures are the dominant PBDE formulation in China. The relative high level of PTS pollutants in the western part of the city is probably owing to the intensive agricultural activities and lack of sewerage system there. The ecological risk assessment with the sediment quality guidelines (SOGs) indicates that the urban river sediments in the city have been heavily contaminated by heavy metals with probable ecotoxicological impacts on freshwater organisms and the main toxic pollutants are Hg and As. The results of current study imply that the city, and perhaps many other small cities in China as well, requires immediate pollution control measures with emphasis on not only conventional organic pollutants but also on PTS such as heavy metals and PBDEs. 相似文献
919.
920.
Hongxun HOU Shuying WANG Yongzhen PENG Zhiguo YUAN Fangfang YIN Wang GAN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2009,3(1):106-111
The anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch (A2/O OD) process is popularly used to eliminate nutrients from domestic wastewater. In order to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB), evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal, and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in the A2/O OD process, a pilot-scale A2/O OD plant (375 L) was conducted. At the same time batch tests using sequence batch reactors (12 L and 4 L) were operated to reveal the significance of anoxic phosphorus removal. The results indicated that: The average removal efficiency of COD, N H 4 + , P O 4 3 - , and TN were 88.2%, 92.6%, 87.8%, and 73.1%, respectively, when the steady state of the pilot-scale A2/O OD plant was reached during 31-73 d, demonstrating a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance. Phosphorus uptake took place in the anoxic zone by poly-phosphorus accumulating organisms N O 2 - could be used as electron receptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal, and the phosphorus uptake rate with N O 2 - as the electron receptor was higher than that with N O 3 - when the initial concentration of either N O 2 - or N O 3 - was 40 mg/L. 相似文献