漫话古代防汛抗洪

<正>我国幅员辽阔,每年夏季,南方大部分省区普降大到暴雨,时间长、强度大、范围广,致使一些地方江河水位猛涨,山洪暴发,农作物大面积受淹,企业生产受损,基础设施被毁,群众生活受困。为把灾情减小到最低程度,保护人民生命财产安全,维护社会稳定,各级政府建立了抗洪救灾应急预案。     

我国应急预案体系现状及展望——以上海为例

应急预案在自然灾害等突发事件发生时可以起到迅速反应的作用,因此成为突发事件应急管理中重要的一环。我国的应急预案体系已经基本建成,但还存在着预案格式雷同、脱离部门实际、分级体系科学性和可操作性不强、不同预案间接洽性不够、预案建设数量质量不够、缺乏后续管理等种种问题。分析了国内应急预案体系的现状,并探讨了对应急预案体系的改进方法。     

Physiological and biochemical responses of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Machilus ichangensis</Emphasis> Rehd. et Wils and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Taxus chinensis</Emphasis> (Pilger) Rehd. to elevated O<Subscript>3</Subscript> in subtropical China

Considerable researches have documented the negative effects of ozone on woody species in North America and Europe; however, little is known about how woody tree species respond to elevated O₃ in subtropical China, and most of the previous studies were conducted using pot experiment. In the present study, Machilus ichangensis Rehd. et Wils (M. ichangensis) and Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. (T. chinensis), evergreen tree species in subtropical China, were exposed to non-filtered air (NF), 100 nmol mol^?1 O₃ (E1) and 150 nmol mol^?1 O₃ (E2), in open-top chambers under field conditions from 21st March to 2nd November 2015. In this study, O₃ fumigation significantly reduced net photosynthesis rate (Pn) in M. ichangensis in the three measurements and in T. chinensis in the last measurement. Also, non-stomatal factors should be primarily responsible for the decreased Pn. O₃ fumigation-induced increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and reduced ascorbic acid levels indicated that antioxidant defense mechanism had been stimulated to prevent O₃ stress and repair the oxidative damage. Yet, the increase of antioxidant ability was not enough to counteract the harm of O₃ fumigation. Because of the decrease in CO₂ assimilation, the growth of the two tree species was restrained ultimately. The sensitivity of the two tree species to O₃ can be determined: M. ichangensis > T. chinensis. It suggests a close link between the rising O₃ concentrations and the health risk of some tree species in subtropics in the near future.     

Hg(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)对海洋单细胞藻的急性毒性效应

近年来,海洋重金属污染日益严重,为考察重金属对海洋藻类的生物毒性效应,进而评估其对海洋生态环境的影响,本研究采用一次性培养的实验方法,测定了2种重金属Hg(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)对8种海洋单细胞藻的急性毒性效应,包括赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo Hada)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curv...     

沉淀硫酸钡工业清洁生产及污染防治研究

沉淀硫酸钡项目属于基础无机盐化工类项目,由重晶石矿经过煅烧还原、化合、固液分离、干燥、粉磨等工序得到沉淀硫酸钡产品,生产过程中排放出大量的污染物,包括废气、废水、固体废物、噪声等.在总结该类项目的环保实践经验的基础上,分析了硫酸钡工业的各种污染物的产生情况,并提出了清洁生产及污染防治对策.     

离子色谱法测定碳酸锶产品中的氯杂质

讨论了在单柱离子色谱仪上用ＴＳＫｇｅｌＩＣ－Ａｎｉｏｎ－ＳＥ柱为分离柱,１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ邻苯二到（ＰＨ５．４）作流动相,以电导检测器检测,测定沸水提取碳酸锶产品中的杂质氯的方法。该法简便、快速、准确、无干扰,在测定范围内有良好的线性。最小检出量为０．１μｇ,ＩＣ法与比色法的测定结果基本一致,ＣＩ＾－的含量为０．１６６％,相对标准偏差为２．８％,回收率为９７．９％～１００％。     

城市汽车尾气污染治理模式探讨

借鉴国内外 I/ M制度的经验 ,运用系统论、控制论的观点 ,创造性地提出有效治理城市汽车尾气污染应建立的六大体系 ,强调城市汽车尾气污染的控制应以尾气污染预前控制和过程控制为主 ,并以此构筑城市汽车尾气污染治理的新模式     

电镀行业污染控制与环境治理

通过加强环境管理、政府引导等措施,对区域电镀行业污染控制与环境治理进行了剖析,提出了一套加强电镀行业环境管理与污染控制及治理的优化方案.在实际运用中取得了很好的经济效益和环境效益,对其他区域电镀行业污染控制具有一定的借鉴作用.     

Arsenic in Drinking Water and Its Removal

Superfluous arsenic in drinking water can do harm to human health. In this paper, a broad overview of the available technologies for arsenic removal has been presented on the basis of literature survey. The main treatment methods included coagu- lation-sedimentation, adsorption separation and ion exchange, membrane technique, which have both advantages and disadvan- tages. It concluded that the selection of treatment process should be site specific and prevailing conditions and no process can serve the purpose under diverse conditions as each technology has its own limitations. In order to gain good results, some methods should be improved.     

层次分析法在区域湖泊水资源可持续发展评价中的应用

依据可持续发展理论,区域可持续发展系统一般由人口、资源、环境、经浊和社会五个子系统组成。本文从四个方面（人对资源环境的需求;资源环境的需求;经济发展的需求;社会发展的需求）提出区域湖泊水资源可持续发展的５指标体系。并用层次分析法计算各指标的权重,用于评价区域湖泊水资源可持续发展的保证程度,结果表明：区域湖泊水资源可持续发展指标体系的２６个指标中,与人民群众生活息息相关的居民对水物满意程度（Ｐ１３）