Ozone has become one of the most important air pollution issues around the world. This article applied both O3/(NOy-NOx) and
H2O2/HNO3 indicators to analyze the ozone sensitivity in urban and rural areas of Shanghai, with implementation of the MM5-CMAQ
modeling system in July, 2007. The meteorological parameters were obtained by using the MM5 model. A regional emission inventory
with spatial and temporal allocation based on the statistical data has been developed to provide input emission data to the MM5-CMAQ
modeling system. Results showed that the ozone concentrations in Shanghai show clear regional differences. The ozone concentration
in rural areas was much higher than that in the urban area. Two indicators showed that ozone was more sensitive to VOCs in urban
areas, while it tended to be NOx sensitive in rural areas of Shanghai. 相似文献
Residue field trials in cucumber were conducted for the safe use of a commercial formulation of cyproconazole·azoxystrobin 28% suspension concentrate (SC 294 g a.i. ha?1, three applications at a 7-day interval) in the year 2018, in China. To determine the residues of cyproconazole and azoxystrobin in cucumber, a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. This validated method was applied to analyze cucumber samples collected from 12 specified regions. At the 3-day interval to harvest, the highest residue (HR) of azoxystrobin was 0.150 mg kg?1, which was lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL; 0.5 mg kg?1) permitted in China, and the HR of cyproconazole was 0.084 mg kg?1, for which no MRL value has been set in China. The chronic risk quotient values of cyproconazole and azoxystrobin for Chinese adults at a 3-day interval to harvest were 2.56% and 13.72%, respectively. The acute risk quotient values of cyproconazole in cucumber were specified as 5.52% for children (1–6 years old) and 2.83% for the adults (>?18 years old) in China. These results indicate that cyproconazole·azoxystrobin 28% SC sprayed on cucumber at the pre-harvest interval of 3 days has no significant potential risk for Chinese consumers.