Effects of disinfection efficiency on microbial communities and corrosion processes in drinking water distribution systems simulated with actual running conditions

The effects of disinfection efficiency on microbial communities and the corrosion of cast iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) were studied. Two annular reactors (ARs) that simulated actual running conditions with UV/Cl₂ disinfection and chlorination alone were used. High chlorine consumption and corrosion rate were found in the AR with UV/Cl₂. According to functional genes and pyrosequencing tests, a high percentage of iron recycling bacteria was detected within the biofilm of the AR with Cl₂ at early running stage, whereas siderophore-producing bacteria were dominant in the biofilm of the AR with UV/Cl_2. At the early running stage, the sequential use of UV light and an initial high chlorine dosage suppressed the biomass and iron-recycling bacteria in both bulk water and biofilms, thereby forming less protective scales against further corrosion, which enhanced chlorine consumption. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the bacterial communities in the ARs shaped from within rather than being imported by influents. These results indicate that the initial high disinfection efficiency within the distribution system had not contributed to the accumulation of iron-recycling bacteria at the early running stages. This study offer certain implications for controlling corrosion and water quality in DWDSs.     

活性炭改性研究进展

本文从表面结构特性、表面化学性质和电化学性质 3个方面叙述了国内外在活性炭改性方面的研究进展。表面结构特性改性主要是从增大比表面积和控制孔径分布两方面展开 ,从而增大吸附量 ;表面化学性质改性主要是通过氧化还原改变表面含氧酸性、碱性基团的相对含量以及负载金属改性 ,从而改变对极性、极性较弱或非极性物质的吸附能力 ;电化学性质改性主要是通过加微电场改变活性炭表面的带电性和由此而产生的化学性质的变化 ,从而改变吸附性能。最后 ,本文还从活性炭的吸附性质方面 ,客观地提出了今后发展方向     

东京湾水环境治理对深圳的启示

分析东京湾社会经济、水环境状况和治理历程,其水环境变化经历了先污染后治理的历程.近几十年东京湾环境管理内容纳入行政管理范围,环境对策、措施随着主要环境问题的变化也经历了诸多变化,促进东京湾水环境逐步改善和恢复.结合东京湾环境管理历程和深圳湾区水环境主要问题,分析深圳湾区水环境治理存在的差距及经验借鉴,可从制度建设、体制机制、投融资渠道和公众参与等方面进行完善,为深圳湾区水环境治理和改善提供参考.     

土壤和河流沉积物中硫的形态分析

建立了土壤和河流沉积物中硫的形态分析方法。应用分级萃取技术分离水溶性硫、吸附性硫、盐酸可溶性硅和盐酸挥发性硫;用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定不同形态硫和总硫,由差减法测得有机硫。该方法的优点是操作简单,可应用于大批土壤和河流沉积物中不同形态硫的测定。     

Simazine degradation in bioaugmented soil: urea impact and response of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and other soil bacterial communities

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of exogenous urea nitrogen on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and other soil bacterial communities in soil bioaugmented for simazine remediation. The previously isolated simazine-degrading Arthrobacter sp. strain SD1 was used to degrade the herbicide. The effect of urea on the simazine degradation capacity of the soil bioaugmented with Arthrobacter strain SD1 was assessed using quantitative PCR targeting the s-triazine-degrading trzN and atzC genes. Structures of bacterial and AOB communities were characterized using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. Urea fertilizer could affect simazine biodegradation and decreased the proportion of its trzN and atzC genes in soil augmented with Arthrobacter strain SD1. Bioaugmentation process could significantly alter the structures of both bacterial and AOB communities, which were strongly affected by urea amendment, depending on the dosage. This study could provide some new insights towards s-triazine bioremediation and microbial ecology in a bioaugmented system. However, further studies are necessary in order to elucidate the impact of different types and levels of nitrogen sources on s-triazine-degraders and bacterial and AOB communities in bioaugmented soil.     

Effects of nature organic matters and hydrated metal oxides on the anaerobic degradation of lindane,p,p''''-DDT and HCB in sediments

IntroductionLindane ,p,p’ DDTandHCBaresemivolatileandlipophilic ,andtheyfallintotheclassofcompoundsdescribedaspersistentorganicpollutants.Moreover,thesecompoundshavebeenidentifiedaspotentendocrinedisrupters(Smith ,2 0 0 2 ;Willett,1 998;Robert,2 0 0 1 ) .Ithasbeenreportedchlorinatedorganiccompoundscanbedecomposedveryslowlyinsedimentsthroughvariousreactions(Niesl,1 990 ) .Factorsinfluencingthebiodegradationofcompoundsarevarious.Amongthem ,itwasreportedthattheeffectsofnaturalorganicmatters…     

乌昌地区大气污染成因分析及应对措施研究

通过介绍乌昌地区概况,结合地区大气污染环境质量现状,从多角度对地区大气污染成因进行分析,结果表明乌昌地区大气污染主要受地形地貌、气象条件、产业结构及能源利用方式不合理、城市规划及基础设施建设落后、行政管理职权划分不明确等因素影响。在此基础上提出针对产业结构、能源结构、采暖模式、城市道路规划、重点企业综合治理、生态建设及环境管理体系等多方面应对措施,以期形成以政府为主导,企业为主体,全社会共同参与的环境保护体系,为政府部门环境保护工作提供参考建议。     

中国地表水重金属污染的进展研究

为了解中国地表水重金属污染现状,并为水体重金属的治理提供一定依据,通过对地表水体重金属来源、中国各地区地表水重金属污染状况、水体重金属污染防治现状、风险及趋势分析和防治对策这五个方面进行综述.道路雨水径流的无处理排放易造成地表水体重金属的污染;中国许多地区的河流、湖泊等水体都存在重金属污染现象,不同地区污染来源不同,外源污染物输入是重要因素;致癌物镉、铬和砷对人体的健康风险要远远大于非致癌物.     

地表参数设置对高架点源大气污染物扩散预测的影响研究

以某火电厂高架点源为例,运用AERMOD进行预测,对扇区进行粗划分和细划分,设置两组地表参数,分析SO2、NO2、PM10在敏感点的小时浓度、日均浓度和期间平均浓度最大值的差异.变化幅度分析方法表明,PM10的小时浓度、日均浓度、期间平均浓度最大值的变化幅度最大,NO2次之,SO2最小.高端值比较法分析表明,NO2小时浓度最大值的差异最大,SO2次之,PM10最小;NO2日均浓度最大值的差异最大,PM10次之,SO2最小;NO2期间平均浓度最大值的差异最大,SO2次之,PM10最小.     

玻璃量器滴定管容量示值误差对分析结果的影响

介绍了玻璃量器滴定管的用途、分类和容量示值误差的检定,分析和探讨了容量示值误差和流液口最后一滴水珠示值的大小对分析结果的影响。容量示值误差的大小能够影响分析结果的准确性,使被测样品的含量偏离其真实结果,选择合格、合适的滴定管,可以减少分析过程带来的误差,提高分析结果的准确度。