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91.
Biao Kong Zenghua Li Yongliang Yang Zhen Liu Daocheng Yan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(30):23453-23470
In recent years, the ecology, security, and sustainable development of modern mines have become the theme of coal mine development worldwide. However, spontaneous combustion of coal under conditions of oxygen supply and automatic exothermic heating during coal mining lead to coalfield fires. Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) causes huge economic losses and casualties, with the toxic and harmful gases produced during coal combustion not only polluting the working environment, but also causing great damage to the ecological environment. China is the world’s largest coal producer and consumer; however, coal production in Chinese mines is seriously threatened by the CSC risk. Because deep underground mining methods are commonly adopted in Chinese coal mines, coupling disasters are frequent in these mines with the coalfield fires becoming increasingly serious. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the development mechanism of CSC. The CSC risk assessment was performed from the aspects of prediction, detection, and determination of the “dangerous area” in a coal mine (i.e., the area most susceptible to fire hazards). A new geophysical method for CSC determination is proposed and analyzed. Furthermore, the main methods for CSC fire prevention and control and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. To eventually construct CSC prevention and control integration system, future developmental direction of CSC was given from five aspects. Our results can present a reference for the development of CSC fire prevention and control technology and promote the protection of ecological environment in China. 相似文献
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Yongliang Sun Xiaoyan Li Lianyou Liu Heye Xu Dengshan Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2008,2(3):340-348
The Qinghai Lake Watershed, containing the largest saline lake in northwest of China, has suffered from severe sandy land development in recent years. This paper analyzes its daily precipitation, temperature, and wind from 1958 to 2001, and the spatial and temporal distributions of sandy land through the interpretation of remote sensing images covering four years (1977, 1987, 2000, and 2004). Results showed that since the middle of the 1960s, the daily precipitation (P) of 0<P?5 mm decreased, while the P>20 mm increased significantly (S<0.05) in their annual total amounts and days. The maximum daily precipitation also increased significantly. Both the maximum dry spell and the total dry spell of more than ten days had a significant upward trend. Since the beginning of the 1960s, all the extremely high, extremely low and mean temperatures increased significantly (S<0.01), at a rate of 0.1°C/10a, 0.2°C/10a, and 0.2°C/10a, respectively. The days with extremely high temperature had a significant upward trend, while the days with extremely low temperature had a significant downward trend. The Qinghai Lake was significantly shrinking (S<0.01) and provided abundant sediments for Aeolian erosion. The NNW wind prevailed in the watershed, and the largest scale wind was from the west and concentrated on the dry months. As a result, the sandy land was mainly born on the east bank of Qinghai Lake. The total sandy land area in the watershed had grown from 587.4 km2, 660.7 km2, 697.6 km2 to 805.8 km2, accordingly, its area percentage growing from 2.0%, 2.2%, 2.4% to 2.7%, respectively. 相似文献
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石化化工行业是高耗能高排放行业之一,约占工业部门碳排放比例的10%,研究石化化工行业碳排放达峰路径不仅能推动工业部门尽早实现达峰,同时也为石化化工行业加快绿色低碳转型指明方向. 基于中国统计年鉴、行业协会、企业碳核查等多来源数据,在分析历史排放趋势的基础上,识别能源集中度高的重点行业和产品,采用情景分析法针对石油和天然气开采业、石油煤炭及其他燃料加工业、化学原料及化学制品制造业三大子行业中的炼油、乙烯、丙烯、对二甲苯和合成氨等重点产品,预测其基准情景和控排情景下的重点产品产量和碳排放强度,以及石化化工行业2021—2035年二氧化碳排放趋势. 石化化工行业在基准情景下排放量无法实现2030年前达峰,控排情景下将于2030年达峰,峰值为17.3×108 t. 通过能源结构调整、节能和低碳技术改造、低碳循环及高效利用等途径可以实现行业减排,与BAU(仅考虑石化产品产量变化,不考虑产品结构、单位产品能耗变化)情景相比,减排贡献最大的路径是化石能源利用清洁化改造,2030年相对BAU减排1.19×108 t,贡献率约44%;其次是加大节能和低碳技术改造力度和资源循环及高效利用,减排量分别为0.8×108和0.6×108 t,减排贡献率分别达到29%和22%. 相似文献
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采用石英制固定床反应器,在模拟水泥预分解炉气氛条件下考察了微量Al2O3、MgO、Fe2O3、CaSO4和CaF2对SNCR脱硝性能的影响。结果表明,水泥生料中微量的Al2O3和MgO对脱硝性能没有影响;Fe2O3会显著降低低温区的脱硝效率;CaSO4对脱硝性能有轻微促进作用。CaF2的存在能提高脱硝效率。Al2O3、MgO、Fe2O3和CaSO4共存时所表现的作用主要是对低温区脱硝的抑制,此时CaSO4作用被掩盖。因此在新型干法水泥生产中,若要尽可能减轻生料里的微量组分对脱硝的不利影响,需要在不影响水泥性能的前提下,尽量降低生料中Fe2O3含量,且避免将预分解炉上的喷氨点设置在低温区域。 相似文献
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为了研究增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(diisononyl phthalate,DINP)致Allergic March的作用机制,以雄性BALB/c小鼠为受试动物,随机分为5组,包括空白对照组(生理盐水)、20 mg·kg-1 DINP组、OVA组、20 mg·kg-1 DINP+OVA组和4-苯基丁酸(4-PBA)拮抗组(20 mg·kg-1 DINP+OVA+4-PBA),染毒周期为47 d.以肺组织匀浆测定活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO).采用ELISA试剂盒检测血清中总免疫球蛋白E(T-IgE)、OVA特异性免疫球蛋白E(OVA-IgE)和白细胞介素-33(IL-33)评价机体的炎症因子,并同时观察肺组织的病理变化结果.与生理盐水组比较,OVA组的肺功能、Th2免疫系统功能亢进的分子、氧化应激指标和肺组织病理学损伤都有所加重.与OVA组比较,20 mg·kg-1 DINP+OVA组的肺功能、Th2免疫系统功能亢进的分子、氧化应激指标和肺组织病理学损伤同样也有所加重.而4-PBA拮抗组(20 mg·kg-1 DINP+OVA+4-PBA)与20 mg·kg-1 DINP+OVA组相比较,其各项指标都有了明显的减轻.实验结果表明,20 mg·kg-1的DINP能加重小鼠的Allergic March,内质网应激拮抗剂4-PBA可使Allergic March症状减轻,对小鼠肺组织起保护作用,说明内质网应激通路可能通过调节氧化应激介导了DINP所致的Allergic March. 相似文献
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