Synthesis and application of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5 composites as effective adsorbents for removal of toluene gas under moist ambience: kinetics,thermodynamics, and mechanism studies

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent adsorbents that provide abundant specific surface area, adjustable pore structure, and rich active sites. The purpose of this study was to prepare composites with hydrophobic and high microporous specific surface area and to adsorb toluene gas in moist ambience. An ethanol activation-assisted hydrothermal method was proposed to synthesize copper-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (Cu-BTC) metal-organic framework, Cu-BTC, and ZSM-5 molecular sieve composites (Cu-BTC@ZSM-5). The dynamic adsorption process of toluene on different adsorbents was investigated, and the results showed that the toluene adsorption capacity of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5 (158.6 mg/g) was 2.53 times higher than Cu-BTC (62.7 mg/g), when the ZSM-5 content is 5% and the humidity is 30%RH. Compared with other factors, the humidity inhibited the adsorption of toluene on Cu-BTC@ZSM-5. Langmuir model and the pseudo-second kinetics model can better describe the adsorption behavior of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5. The thermodynamic results showed the adsorption process was a spontaneous exothermic process at low temperature and mainly physical adsorption. The relative regenerability can still up to 80.4% after six cycles. The adsorption mechanisms of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5 were pore-filling adsorption, π-π interaction, cation-π bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. This study will help to design a systematic route to evaluate the adsorption performance of Cu-BTC@ZSM-5 for toluene.

     

硫黄粉体在除尘管道中产生静电量变化规律研究

研究了硫黄粉体在管道输送过程中静电产生的规律,将管道长度和管径、管道变径及粉体含湿量等主要影响因数作为变量,分析其与产生静电量变化的关系。试验发现:输送管道长度与静电量呈正相关关系,即当管道达到一定长度后,粉体运动产生的静电量趋于稳定;平均增加一个90度弯头增加的静电量为0.050 nC/g;当管径由115 mm变化到100 mm时,硫黄粉体在管道输送产生的静电变化量最大;当硫黄粉体含湿量达到84%时,硫黄粉体在输送过程中产生的静电量只有0.232 nC/g,相比硫黄粉体含湿量为54%时,静电量减少了将近3/4。适当增加硫黄粉体的含湿量,有利于硫黄粉体在输送过程中的静电消除。     

猪粪便污染特异性分子标记筛选及其PCR检测方法的建立

肠道微生物群落在与其宿主长期协同进化过程中会形成大量的宿主-肠道微生物互作基因,这些互作基因具有一定的宿主肠道微生物特异性,利用其设计分子标记能有效识别粪便污染源.本研究首次利用竞争性杂交的方法富集猪粪便特异性基因,从中筛选出具有猪粪便特异性的基因片段,以此设计引物并建立相应的PCR检测方法,并对采集样进行应用调查.竞争性杂交富集的猪粪便特异性基因文库以拟杆菌群(Bacteroidetes)(43.2%)和梭状杆菌群(Clostridia)(19.5%)相似序列为主,其蛋白功能主要分为3大类:与信息贮存与加工有关(7.6%),与细胞加工及信息传导有关(12.8%)以及与代谢有关(22.0%).进一步针对功能蛋白序列筛选宿主粪便特异性分子标记.分析表明序列3-53-2对应引物可作为猪粪便污染的特异性分子标记,针对其建立的常规PCR方法对粪便DNA的检出限可低至0.01 ng·μL-1,且对实际样品具有较高的应用灵敏性(97%)和特异性.进一步对可能受污染水样进行猪粪便污染特异性检测,结果显示不同地区的阳性检出率高达75%~100%,证明了此方法的有效性,可为研究微生物示踪技术在非点源污染方面的应用提供一定的基础数据.     

新型消防员隔热防护服外层面料结构及加工

本文描述了一种新型消防员隔热防护服的外层面料。面料的结构由铝箔、聚酯膜和基布组成。通过对铝箔复合、涂胶等加工方法的摸索试验,试制了新型消防员隔热防护服的外层面料。     

一株中度嗜盐淀粉酶产生菌的分离鉴定及酶活测定

为开发极端环境工业用酶,从新疆盐碱土微生物中分离得到一株中度嗜盐高产淀粉酶活性菌株H3,其能耐受30%盐浓度和pH 11的极端环境.通过形态特征、生理生化实验及16S rRNA基因序列分析,确定H3属于Gracilibacillus属.该菌株能在盐浓度为0~30%的培养基上生长,最适生长盐浓度为5%~10%,最适pH值为8.5.在最适生长盐浓度、pH条件下,其淀粉酶活性可达到4 830个活力单位,可用于高盐高碱环境下淀粉的水解.     

微生物菌剂对枸杞枝条粉发酵堆体腐熟效果的影响

为探讨外源微生物对枸杞枝条粉基质化发酵堆体腐熟进程的影响,采用随机区组设计〔T1（CK）,枸杞枝条粉150 kg;T2,枸杞枝条粉150 kg+尿素4.15 kg;T3,T2+粗纤维降解菌Ⅰ 75 g;T4,T2+粗纤维降解菌Ⅱ 75 g;T5,T2+锯末专用复合益菌75 g;T6,T2+EM菌液75 g;T7,T2+纤维素酶制剂75 g〕,以尿素为氮源,研究添加外源微生物对枸杞枝条粉基质化发酵过程中发酵指标参数的影响.结果表明:堆腐发酵至第6天时,各处理组的温度均达到最高值,其中,T3的温度达到68.2 ℃,T2~T7内部温度超过50 ℃的时间依次为6、9、9、7、8、7 d.外源微生物菌剂的施用增加了枸杞枝条粉腐熟发酵后的湿容重、干容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙、持水孔隙.至发酵结束后,各处理组的湿容重在0.43~0.47 g/cm3之间,T6的增幅最大.堆腐发酵过程中w（NH₄+-N）变化呈先增后减的变化规律,发酵至第21天时,T4达784.81 mg/kg;w（NO₃--N）呈逐渐增加的趋势,在发酵14~49 d之间的增幅最大,其中,T3的平均日增加值最大,为16.02 mg/（kg·d）,而发酵70 d后各处理组w（NO₃--N）逐渐趋于平稳.发酵前21 d w（TOC）呈近直线下降,发酵前14 d w（TN）呈直线上升;堆腐发酵至第49天时,T2~T7的GI（germination index,发芽指数）均高于50%,其中,T7为73.92%,较T1（CK）高出26.52%;发酵至第91天时,T1~T7的GI均超过85%.研究显示,枸杞枝条发酵堆体基质化过程中添加尿素+粗纤维降解菌Ⅰ（Ⅱ）、尿素+EM菌液、尿素+锯末专用复合益菌等更有助于加快基质化进程、缩短发酵时间、提高发酵效率,可为枸杞枝条基质化工厂利用提供理论支撑.      

Response of community composition and biomass of submerged macrophytes to variation in underwater light, wind and trophic status in a large eutrophic shallow lake

Light climate is of key importance for the growth, community composition of submerged macrophytes in lakes and, they, in turn, are affected by lake depth and the degree of eutrophication. To test the relationships between submerged macrophyte presence and the ratio of Secchi disk depth (SDD) to water depth, i.e. SDD/depth, nutrients and wind, we conducted an extensive sampling campaign in a macrophyte-dominated area of the eastern region (n = 36) in 2016 in Lake Taihu, China, and combined the data gathered with results from extensive physico-chemical monitoring data from the entire lake. We confirmed that SDD/Depth is the primary factor controlling the community composition of macrophytes and showed that plant abundance increased with increasing SDD/Depth ratio (p < 0.01), but that only SDD/Depth > 0.4 ensured growth of submerged macrophytes. Total phosphorus and total nitrogen also influenced the growth and community composition of macrophytes (p < 0.01), while Chla was an indirectly affecting factor by reducing underwater light penetration. Wave height significantly influenced plant abundance (p < 0.01), whereas it had little effect on the biomass (p > 0.05). The key to restore the macrophyte beds in the lake is to reduce the nutrient loading. A decrease of the water level may contribute as well in the shallow bays but will not bring plants back in the main part of the lake. As the tolerance of shade and nutrients varied among the species studied, this should be taken into account in the restoration of lakes by addition of plants.     

浙皖丘陵区饮用水水库夏季有色可溶性有机物光谱特征及环境指示意义

大型水库是我国特大、大中型城市集中式饮用水供水源地且兼具调蓄洪峰、农田灌溉、旅游观光等多种功能.浙皖丘陵地区饮用水水库分布广泛,夏季因藻类增殖而面临一定的水质风险.本研究借助总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、叶绿素（Chl a）、透明度（SDD）等水质参数,以及基于以上参数所构建的综合富营养指数（TLI）,结合有色可溶性有机物（CDOM）吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱（EEMs）及平行因子分析法（PARAFAC）,试图揭示浙皖丘陵地区共计12个饮用水库夏季营养水平、CDOM光谱特征及环境指示意义.结果表明,本研究调查水库的TLI处于25.0～48.8范围内,属中营养水平,对应a₂₅₄为7.0～10.2 m^-1.TP与Chl a、TLI、a₂₅₄、陆源类腐殖酸C2均具有显著的相关性（p<0.01）,表明TP是饮用水水库藻类增殖的主要制约因子,且与TLI关联密切.水库中Chl a浓度普遍较低,平均值为（8.4±5.7）μg·L^-1,且与类酪氨酸C1、类色氨酸C3不存在显著相关性（p>0.05）,说明藻源C...     

消防员地震救援防护头盔的研制

本文通过对消防员地震救援过程中防护头盔的功能分析,提出了救援头盔的设计思路和需要实现的技术指标,从而为研制地震救援用防护头盔提供依据。     

淋洗脱盐对滨海滩涂不同植被演替带土壤重金属的影响

为研究围垦对滨海滩涂土壤重金属的影响,采用土柱实验模拟淋洗脱盐过程,分析了滨海滩涂不同植被演替带(光滩、互花米草滩、碱蓬滩、芦苇滩)土壤在淋洗脱盐前后重金属(As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn)含量的变化,评估了围垦可能导致的滩涂重金属流失量。研究表明,淋洗脱盐后,各植被演替带土壤重金属均显著降低,相比而言,Hg、Cr更易淋洗(淋洗率分别为57.2%、49.9%),而Zn不易淋洗(淋洗率18.5%);不同植被演替带土壤重金属淋洗率表现为:光滩互花米草滩碱蓬滩芦苇滩,光滩土壤重金属更易淋洗,而芦苇滩重金属不易淋洗;根据土壤容重、含水率、淋洗率及重金属含量计算重金属流失量发现,不同植被演替带重金属流失量同样表现为:光滩互花米草滩碱蓬滩芦苇滩;除互花米草滩As流失量较高外(19.26 kg·ha-1),其他重金属流失量均表现为光滩最高,光滩围垦可能会造成更多的重金属流失;在仅考虑淋洗脱盐情况下,以江苏省2010~2020年围垦规划270万亩计,仅表层20 cm滩涂土壤,通过围垦即可能导致As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn流失2 102.5、7.4、421.3、8 587.9、4 376.3、2 404.3 t,由围垦导致的滩涂重金属流失风险值得关注。