利用铁粉与磁粉载体流化床反应器处理染料废水

研究了铁粉和磁粉为流化床载体,对模拟染料废水和实际染料废水进行处理,取得了不同实验条件下染料废水的脱色效果。结果表明,经铁粉处理30min后,其色度去除率达98%左右,实际染料废水的CODcr去除率为56%左右;经磁粉处理30min后,其色度去除率为95%左右,实际染料废水的CODcr去除率为34%。     

UV_(254)降解水中双氯芬酸的动力学及机理研究

研究了254 nm紫外光照(UV_(254))对水中双氯芬酸(DCF)的降解,考察了pH、天然有机物质(NOM)和硝酸盐(NO_3~-)对DCF光解的影响;探讨了DCF的光解产物和转化机理;最后,研究了DCF在实际水体中的去除.结果表明,DCF在UV_(254)辐射下发生快速降解,其光解遵循准一级反应动力学模型.在研究的pH范围内,DCF降解效率基本相同,其表观速率常数在5.9×10~(-3)cm~2·mJ~(-1)左右.NOM的存在会抑制DCF的光解,且NOM浓度越高,抑制作用越明显,这主要是由于NOM和DCF竞争入射的紫外光子.NO_3~-在UV_(254)光照下可被激发产生羟基自由基,故NO_3~-的存在可以明显促进DCF的降解.DCF在实际水体中的去除效率与纯水中的基本类似,在紫外光用量为320 mJ·cm~(-2)时,大约83%1μmol·L~(-1)DCF被去除.在UV_(254)光解DCF反应中,共检测到12种降解产物,基于这些检出的反应产物提出DCF可能的光解机理主要包括6种不同的转化路径,分别为脱氯环化、脱羧基反应、甲酰化反应、脱氯羟基化、脱氯氢化和醌化反应.     

企业安全评价方法及软件开发

将模糊综合评价与层次分析法相结合，建立了企业安全多级模糊综合评价模型，采用Visual FoxPro语言，运用面向对象的程序设计方法，编制了模糊综合评价软件和数据库，该评价方法适用地各类企业安全状况及类似系统的综合评价，可作为安全管理信息系统的子模块单独使用。     

混凝法在硫酸软骨素废水后处理中的应用

硫酸软骨素是一种重要的生化制品，在其生产过程中产生了大量的高浓度有机废水。其COD值高达100g／L。以山东某生化制品有限公司硫酸软骨素废水为对象，对其后处理进行了研究。结果表明，后处理采用混凝处理工艺，可使生化处理后的废水的COD由316mg/L降至76mg／L，出水达到了GB8978-1996国家一级排放标准。     

表面活性剂强化空气扰动修复污染地下水影响区域研究

为了强化空气扰动技术(Air Sparging,AS)的处理效果,通过向不同介质的地下水中添加表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠,SDBS),考察表面活性剂强化空气扰动技术对曝气影响区域的影响.实验结果表明:当介质为砾石时,加入表面活性剂后影响区域没有明显变化;当介质为粗砂时,用500 mg·L-1 SDBS溶液饱和时的空气...     

Effects of stable aqueous fullerene nanocrystal (nC60) on Daphnia magna: Evaluation of hop frequency and accumulations under different conditions

We investigated the effects of environmental factors and properties of water-stable crystal fullerene (nC60) on the uptake of nC60 by Daphnia magna based on known accumulation in our laboratory. This study was performed for seven days using different environmental factors including temperature, pH, water hardness, concentration (density of particle), and particle size. Results demonstrated that body burden of C60 increased with time in all experiments. Body burden of C60 increased with increasing concentration and particle size, and uptake of particles >100 nm reached their maximums more quickly than those <100 nm. Under high hardness in aqueous systems with lower pH and high temperature, uptake was higher than those under opposite conditions. Uptake in all batch tests reached balance within five days. Both nC60 properties and environmental factors influenced uptake of nC60 by D. magna in an aqueous system. Additionally, environmental factors may have affected accumulation by changing nC60 properties, which are critical to understand the accumulation of fullerenes in aqueous systems.     

Effect of illumination on the hydrogen-production capability of anaerobic activated sludge

To investigate the influence of illumination on the fermentative hydrogen production system, the hydrogen production efficiencies of two kinds of anaerobic activated sludge (floc and granule) from an anaerobic baffled reactor were detected under visible light, dark and light-dark, respectively. The 10 mL floc sludge or granular sludge was respectively inoculated to 100 mL diluted molasses (chemical oxygen demand of 8000 mg·L⁻¹) in a 250 mL serum bottle, and cultured for 24 h at 37°C under different illumination conditions. The results showed that the floc was more sensitive to illumination than the granule. A hydrogen yield of 19.8 mL was obtained in the dark with a specific hydrogen production rate of 3.52 mol·kg⁻¹MLVSS·d⁻¹ (floc), which was the highest among the three illumination conditions. Under dark condition, the hydrogen yield of floc sludge reached the highest with the specific hydrogen production rate of 3.52 mol·kg⁻¹MLVSS·d⁻¹, and under light-dark, light, the specific hydrogen production rate was 3.11 and 2.21 mol·kg⁻¹MLVSS·d⁻¹, respectively. The results demonstrated that the illumination may affect the dehydrogenase activity of sludge as well as the activity of hydrogen-producing acetogens and then impact hydrogen production capacity.     

我国发展低碳农业的主要措施研究

在全球气候变暖和能源危机的背景下,农业是温室气体主要排放源之一,低碳农业作为应对气候变化的农业行动,越来越受到人们的重视。低碳农业的目标是减缓温室气体,实现高效率、低能耗、低排放、高碳汇的高效农业。在推动我国低碳农业发展的措施方面,总结起来主要包括减少碳排放、增加碳汇和采用其他相应的技术措施相结合。也就是通过一系列相应的技术措施和基础设施建设,减少温室气体总量排放的同时,增加耕地、草地和林地吸收二氧化碳的量,从而实现低碳农业的可持续发展。     

一体化膜生物反应器处理低C/N污水式验研究

研究一体化连续流间歇曝气膜生物反应器(IMBR)处理低C/N城市污水的工艺效能.试验结果表明:反应器在曝气2 h、搅拌2 h的运行模式下,对COD、NH_4~+;-N、TN和SS的平均去除率分别达到了87%,83.4%,75.4%和97.81%,各出水质量浓度平均值分别为17.5,4.59,7.63和2 mg/L,出水水质达到了GB/T18920-2002<城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质>标准.

Abstract：

The integrated intermittent-aeration membrane biological reactor (IMBR) was investigated to treat the low C/N ratio urban sewage. Pollutants removal efficiency of IMBR under the condition of aeration 2 h and agitation 2 h were researched. The results showed that the average removal rates of COD, NH/ -N, TN and SS were 87% , 83.4% , 75.4% and 97.81% respectively. The average concentrations of COD,NH_4~+ -N,TN and SS in the effluent of IMBR system were 17.5,4.59,7.63 and 2 rag/L respectively. The effluent quality of IMBR could meet the standard of the requirement reclaimed water quality criterion (GB/T18920-2002).     

不同生境条件下苦槠丛枝菌根对根际土壤磷酸酶活性的影响

以浙江千岛湖和宁波天童两个不同区域内的苦储(Castanopsis sclerophytta)为材料,对处于不同生境条件下的苦槠丛枝菌根(AM)进行了研究.结果表明:两地区土壤pH均处于苦储丛枝菌根生长发育的最适范围内,丛枝菌根的侵染率无明显差异;酸性磷酸酶为两区域内的主导磷酸酶,各种磷酸酶活性均是天童地区高于千岛湖地区;AM侵染率与根际土壤磷酸酶活性之间均呈现正相关,其中天童地区为显著相关,说明AM侵染率对根际土壤磷酸酶活性在某种程度上存在有一定的影响.