凹凸棒粘土对水中亚甲蓝的吸附性能

用焦磷酸钠和盐酸纯化了地产凹凸棒粘土,SEM、XRD和FT-IR表征其结构。研究了凹凸棒粘土对亚甲蓝的吸附性能及热力学和动力学特征,考察了吸附时间、温度、初始浓度、pH和离子强度下对亚甲蓝吸附的影响。结果表明,不同实验条件下,吸附过程均符合准二级动力学特征。凹凸棒粘土对亚甲蓝是放热的物理吸附过程,吸附符合Langmuir模式,在303 K时最大吸附量为114.02 mg/g。与其他吸附材料相比,凹凸棒粘土对亚甲蓝有较快的吸附速率和较大的吸附量,可以作为价廉的吸附剂用于亚甲蓝的消除。     

间苯二酚的微生物降解研究

从土壤中筛选的一株降解活性较高的细菌Ｔ１，当以间苯二酚为唯一碳源时，降解率可达９８％，研究表明，菌体接种量的大小对间苯二酚降解速度有一定的影响；降解酶为胞内酶，经鉴定，Ｔ１菌为黄单胞菌，其某些特性与已知菌种有差异，需进一步研究。     

浅谈电梯导轨隔振降噪的实践研究

现代高层住宅建筑中,电梯井道与住户分隔墙体常为同一实体,使得电梯高速运行时会有较大的导轨振动噪声影响与井道共墙的相邻住户。本文论述了电梯导轨噪声的产生机理、相关技术进展,分析了部分降噪治理技术误区,并结合导轨隔振降噪治理的成功案例分析,提出正确的电梯导轨噪声治理方法。     

露天煤矿声环境影响后评估——以胜利一号露天矿为例

本文以胜利一号露天矿为例,在主要噪声源强以及厂界和周边敏感目标的噪声级现状监测的基础上,对煤矿开发后声环境影响进行回顾性分析和验证性评价,结果表明：（1）煤矿四厂界环境噪声昼间和夜间均达到了《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》（GB12348-2008）2类标准限值要求。噪声源中采掘场噪声较大,铁路装车站、铁路专用线以及破碎车间、机修车间、变电所、排水泵站、锅炉房等机修设备噪声源产生的噪声值相对较小。（2）随着煤矿开采量和开采面积的增加,露天煤矿采掘场噪声污染、厂界噪声和周边敏感点噪声会不断加大。而且,采掘场最大噪声级出现的方向也会随着开采方向的推进而变化。（3）验证性分析结果表明,胜利一号露天矿原环评结论较可靠,但预测结果相对偏低,偏低幅度昼间在5.2%-10.7%,夜间在2.4%-13.1%。（4）现状监测和回顾性分析表明,胜利一号露天矿噪声污染不太明显,目前采取的噪声防治措施起到了较好的防治效果。     

Biosorption of cesium（Ⅰ） from aqueous solution by a novel exopolymers secreted from Pseudomonas fluorescens C-2： Equilibrium and kinetic studies

The biosorption characteristics of Cs(I) ions from aqueous solution using exopolymers (PFC02) produced from Pseudomonas fluorescens C-2 were investigated as a function of pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration. pH played a major role in the adsorption process, and the optimum pH for the removal of Cs(I) was 8.0. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of the Cs(I) ions by PFC02. The Lagergren first-order, pseudo second-order kinetic and intraparticle diffusion models were used to test the kinetic data. Langmuir model and D-R model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The monolayer adsorption capacities of PFC02 as obtained from Langmuir isotherm at 25°C was found to be 32.63 mg/g. From the D-R isotherm model, the mean free energy was calculated as 26.73 kJ/mol, indicating that the biosorption of cesium was chemisorption. The biosorption process was rapid, and the kinetic rates were best fitted to the pseudo second-order model, which indicated the biosorption process operated through chemisorption mechanism. FT-IR analysis of PFC02 showed the possible functional groups responsible for cesium adsorption were hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl and sulphonate groups. SEM analysis showed the porous structure of the material while EDX analysis confirmed the adsorption of Cs(I) on PFC02. Cesium adsorbed onto the PFC02 could be desorbed efficiently using 1 mol/L HNO3, and the enrichment factor was 50.0. Furthermore, PFC02 could be reused five times with only about 8.25% regeneration loss. The developed method was successfully utilized for the removal of Cs(I) ions from aqueous solution.     

运行负荷对酶制剂废水厌氧颗粒污泥形成的影响

通过逐步提高污泥负荷和一步提高污泥负荷2种方法,研究了UASB反应器中运行负荷对酶制剂废水厌氧颗粒污泥形成的影响．结果表明,逐步提高污泥负荷,有利于颗粒污泥的形成．对酶制剂废水厌氧处理而言,在一定程度上,脱氢酶活性的变化可以反映出处理体系中微生物活性的变化,辅酶F420含量变化可定性地判断污泥的产甲烷活性．同时,还从运行良好的反应器中分离到1株优势产甲烷细菌M3菌,依据其形态和生理生化特征,将该菌鉴定为甲烷球形菌属(Methanosphaera sp．)．     

浅谈事故隐患消减的三个关键环节

长庆油田目前已成立30多年,地处鄂尔多斯盆地,是典型的低渗透油田,生产环境条件苛刻,过程连续性强,原料及产品多为易燃易爆、有毒有害有腐蚀的物质,生产技术复杂,设备种类繁多,生产过程中的风险非常大。加之,企业发展的头20多年,由于投资限制,安全管理水平层次低,生产建设坚持“三从一新”（从简、从快、从省,适用新技术）的原则,安全投入欠帐较多、     

Enhanced bioaccumulation of cadmium in carp in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

In this study adsorption of Cd onto TiO2 nanoparticles and natural sediment particles (SP) were studied and the facilitated transports of Cd into carp by TiO2 nanoparticles and SP were assessed by bioaccumulation tests exposing carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Cd contaminated water in the presence of TiO2 and SP respectively. The results show that TiO2 nanoparticles had a significantly stronger adsorption capacity for Cd than SP. The presence of SP did not have significant influence on the accumulation of Cd in carp during the 25 d of exposure. However, the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles greatly enhanced the accumulation of Cd in carp. After 25 d of exposure Cd concentration in carp increased by 146%, and the value was 22.3 and 9.07 microg/g, respectively. And there is a positive correlation between Cd and TiO2 concentration. Considerable Cd and TiO2 accumulated in viscera and gills of the fish.     

高铁酸钾预处理垃圾渗滤液

采用自制高纯度高铁酸钾预处理危废填埋场和垃圾焚烧厂的垃圾渗滤液,探讨和分析了处理效果。正交实验表明,高铁酸钾预处理危废填埋场渗滤液COD的最佳条件为:高铁酸钾与COD的初始质量浓度比为0.5、渗滤液初始pH值4.00、反应温度30℃、反应时间40 min,此时COD去除率达71.51%。此最佳条件下高铁酸钾对不同类型垃圾渗滤液的色度、SS、COD、BOD5、氨氮、总磷、重金属离子等污染因子都具有良好的去除效果,危废填埋场渗滤液经高铁酸钾预处理后可以直接进入后续生化处理系统;垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液预处理后其COD为2 861.0 mg/L,经二次预处理也可进入生化处理系统。实验结果表明,高铁酸钾对不同类型垃圾渗滤液都具有良好的预处理效果。     

Influence of tetracycline exposure on the growth of wheat seedlings and the rhizosphere microbial community structure in hydroponic culture

In this study, the effects of tetracycline exposure on wheat growth and the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere were investigated under hydroponic culture conditions. Exposure to various concentrations of tetracycline resulted in significant suppression of the growth of wheat roots and shoots, with minimum doses of 0.8 mg L^?1 and 4 mg L^?1 resulting in inhibition rates of 32% and 15.4%, respectively. Complete inhibition of the growth of these two parts of wheat plants was observed in response to treatment with tetracycline at 20 mg L^?1 and 100 mg L^?1, respectively. However, the germination of wheat seeds was not sensitive to exposure to tetracycline. The effects of tetracycline exposure on the microbial community in the wheat rhizosphere were evaluated through traditional cultivation and molecular biological analyses. The cultivation results indicated that bacteria were the dominant population, being present in concentrations of 1× 10⁸–2.45× 10⁹CFUs mL^?1, although 39% to 87% inhibition occurred in response to tetracycline. The concentration of fungi increased in all tetracycline treated samples to 2.5 to 15.8 times that of the control. The highest concentration of fungi (4.27× 10⁸ CFU mL^?1) was observed in response to 60 mg L^?1 tetracycline after 15 days of cultivation. In this stage, a large amount of fungal colonies was observed on the surface of the culture solution, the wheat roots became rotted and the plants became atrophic or even died. Molecular biological analysis indicated that the bacterial community structure was significantly different in samples that were exposed to high levels of tetracycline (over 20 mg L^?1) than in samples that were exposed to lower concentrations. As the concentration of tetracycline increased, the diversity of the bacteria decreased. Additionally, several dominant sensitive species such as Sphingobacterium multivorum were suppressed by tetracycline, while some resistant species such as Acinetobacter sp. appeared or were conserved. The bacteria population tended to stabilize when the drug concentration exceeded 40 mg L^?1.