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31.
The zoanthid genus Isaurus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) is known from both the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, but phylogenetic studies examining Isaurus using molecular markers have not yet been conducted. Here, two genes of markers [mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit
I (COI) and mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA (mt 16S rDNA)] from Isaurus specimens collected from southern Japan (n = 19) and western Australia (n = 3) were sequenced in order to investigate the molecular phylogenetic position of Isaurus within the order Zoantharia and the family Zoanthidae. Additionally, obtained sequences and morphological data (polyp size,
mesentery numbers, mesogleal thickness) were utilized to examine Isaurus species diversity and morphological variation. By comparing our obtained sequences with the few previously acquired sequences
of genera Isaurus as well as with Zoanthus, Acrozoanthus (both family Zoanthidae), and Palythoa spp. (family Spenophidae) sequences, the phylogenetic position of Isaurus as sister to Zoanthus within the Family Zoanthidae was suggested. Based on genetic data, Isaurus is most closely related to the genus Zoanthus. Despite considerable morphological variation (in particular, polyp length, mesentery numbers, external coloration) between
collected Isaurus specimens, all specimens examined are apparently conspecific or very closely related based on molecular data and observed
morphological variation within colonies. Additionally, obtained internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA) sequences
from symbiotic zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium spp.) from all Isaurus specimens were shown to be subclade C1-related Symbiodinium.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
32.
Yasundo Kurata Yoichi Watanabe Yusaku Ono Kiyoshi Kawamura 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2005,7(1):38-47
We investigated the concentrations of wood preservatives in the wood chips produced in wood-waste processing facilities in 1988, 1998–1999, and 2001–2002. Among the wood preservatives used in the past in Japan, halophenols, including PCP, chlordane, and chlorpyrifos, had comparatively high detection rates and high average concentrations in the wood chips produced in 2001–2002. Aldrin and endrin were rarely detected, and DDT was already in low concentrations in those wood chips. Although several types of wood preservative were contained in the wood chips, their concentration levels depended on the sources of the wood wastes. In chips produced from wooden pallets, wooden forms for concrete working, or wood discarded from nondemolition sources, no organochlorine wood preservatives were detected, and chlorpyrifos and chlorophenols were detected at one order of magnitude lower than the average concentrations in chips produced from wood wastes discarded in house demolitions. 相似文献
33.
To investigate the environmental safety of waste disposal landfill sites and of land reclaimed from such sites, we evaluated
the toxicity of leachate from these sites by a combination of bioassays in the Japanese killifish medaka Oryzias latipes. We tested for lethal toxicity in adult and larval medaka and for hatching inhibition of embryos from eggs. As biochemical
evidence of the effects of leachate exposure, CYP1A (EROD activity) and vitellogenin (Vtg) were induced. We also bioassayed
water-treated leachate and downstream river water. Leachate solution was lethal to larval and adult medaka. Embryo hatchability
was inhibited, and abnormal hatching, spinal deformity and anisophthalmia occurred in embryos exposed to leachate solution.
CYP1A was induced by exposure to leachate solution diluted to 1.0%, and EROD activity was significantly higher than in control.
Vtg and unknown proteins were induced in the sera of male medaka exposed to the diluted leachate solution. Conventional water
treatments worked effectively to remove toxic compounds but did not work well to remove element ions, including heavy metals.
Treated leachate produced neither lethal toxicity nor hatching abnormalities during the exposure period. Fish toxicity tests
for leachate would be useful for monitoring the environmental safety of landfill sites. 相似文献
34.
Tetsuo Yasutaka Yumi Iwasaki Shizuka Hashimoto Wataru Naito Kyoko Ono Atsuo Kishimoto Kikuo Yoshida Michio Murakami Isao Kawaguchi Toshihiro Oka Junko Nakanishi 《Chemosphere》2013
Despite the enormous cost of radiation decontamination, there has been almost no quantitative discussion on how much it would reduce the long-term external radiation exposure in the Evacuation Zone and Planned Evacuation Zone (restricted zone) in Fukushima. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of decontamination and return options and to identify important parameters for estimating the long-term cumulated effective dose (CED) during 15, 30 and 70 year period using data on land-use, population and decontamination in the restricted zone (about 1100 km2) in Fukushima. 相似文献
35.
Jun Kobayashi Takeo Sakurai Kaoruko Mizukawa Kyoko Kinoshita Nozomi Ito Shunji Hashimoto Daisuke Nakajima Toru Kawai Yoshitaka Imaizumi Hideshige Takada Noriyuki Suzuki 《Chemosphere》2013
We investigated the respiratory uptake kinetics of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organohalogen pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE #47) in a marine benthic fish, Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae. The respiratory uptake efficiencies (EW) of the chemicals, of which there have been no reports for the majority of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), were obtained by measuring the respiratory uptake rate constants (k1) and the oxygen consumption rates of fish. Fish were exposed to water in which these chemicals were dissolved at environmentally relevant concentrations for 28 d, followed by 168 d of depuration in clean seawater. The k1 and EW values for 99 compounds were obtained, and they ranged from 2000 to 42 000 L kg-lipid−1 d−1 and from 0.060 to 1.3, respectively. The EW values of the chemicals, except for PAHs, tended to increase with increasing values of the log octanol–water partition coefficients (KOW) of the chemicals up to a log KOW of 5. For log KOW in the range 3–5, the EW values in this study were much lower than those in a published study (about one-third). As a result of analysis by a two-phase resistance model, the resistance of transport rates to the lipid phase in this study was lower than was the case in the published study. These findings indicate that the EW predicted by the published study for log KOW in the range 3–5 may differ among fish species and water temperature, and further study is needed. 相似文献
36.
37.
Male animals in several groups have multiple intromittent organs that outnumber the corresponding female gonopore. In Dermaptera (earwigs), males of the family Anisolabididae have paired, elongated male intromittent organs (virgae), while females have a single sperm-storage organ (spermatheca). Several authors have assumed that one of the paired virgae is non-functional, because it points in the "wrong" direction. We investigated the mating success of handicapped males of Euborellia plebeja in which one of their paired virgae was removed experimentally. These handicapped males succeeded in inseminating a mate. Males with genital damage are found in the field, suggesting that the "spare" functions under natural conditions. Based on phylogenetic information on earwigs, we discuss possible evolutionary scenarios for this genital peculiarity. 相似文献
38.
Yoshiro Ono Hidehito Uemura Yoshinori Kanjo Osami Kawara Toshiki Ayano 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2000,2(1):38-42
Construction waste such as road pavement and concrete is estimated to constitute about 50% of the total industrial waste in
Japan, and the recycling of such material has recently become a prominent topic among construction engineers. It has also
been suggested that various types of industrial waste be utilized as components of construction materials. This paper investigates
the environmental safety of certain materials in terms of the elutions and genotoxicities of these substances. The substances
extracted from some materials, such as emulsifier, ash, and sediment, were found to have genotoxic characteristics. The dose-related
responses of the various materials and their genotoxic strengths are shown.
Received: June 16, 1998 / Accepted: September 7, 1999 相似文献
39.
Yoshitaka Takagai Ryouta Abe Arata Endo Aya Yokoyama Mitsuyuki Konno 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(4):565-569
We report here the occurrence of uniquely shaped nanoparticles newly discovered in natural ponds. Nanoparticles originate from the Goshiki-numa pond community in Japan, where volcanic activity facilitated the formation of four specific ponds. We built a steric three-dimensional image of nanoparticles by integrating 120 transmission-electron-microscope image fragments obtained from various angle ranges. The thick-walled, cylindrically shaped particle has an outer diameter that measures approximately 40 nm and a length that measures 70 nm. A 10-nm-thick wall surrounds a 30 nm hole located in the particle centre. Particles are composed of an aluminium silicate-based material with an Al2O3:SiO2 ratio of 2:1. They also exhibit an amorphous X-ray diffraction pattern. Although the water solubility characteristics and the infrared spectrum of these newly discovered particles resembles imogolite, these two materials do not have identical structural characteristics. 相似文献
40.