Selective effects of fenitrothion on murine splenic T-lymphocyte populations and cytokine/granzyme production

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro effects of fenitrothion (FNT) on mouse splenic lymphocytes. Here, naïve mice had their spleens harvested and splenocytes isolated. After exposure to FNT for 48 hr: splenocyte viability was measured using a tetrazolium dye assay; cell phenotypes, i.e., B-cells (CD19⁺), T-cells (CD3⁺), and T-cell subsets (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺), were quantified by flow cytometry; and, production of cytokines/granzyme-B was assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ability for FNT to induce oxidative stress in the cells was evaluated by measuring hydroxyl radical (·OH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and changes in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The results showed that FNT significantly inhibited splenocyte proliferation, and decreased production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon gamma, IL-4, and granzyme B, but had no impact on IL-6 production. FNT also selectively decreased splenic T-cell levels but did not induce changes in CD19⁺ B-cells. Further, within the T-cell populations, percentages of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T-cells (particularly CD8⁺ T-cells) were reduced. Lastly, FNT selectively increased MDA and ·OH production and inhibited SOD and GSH-Px activities in the splenic lymphocytes. These findings suggest that, due to oxidative damage, FNT selectively inhibits splenic T-lymphocyte survival and cytokine/granzyme production in vitro.     

Assessing the Vulnerability of Coastal Communities to Extreme Storms: The Case of Revere,MA., USA

Climate change may affect the frequency, intensity, and geographic distribution of severe coastal storms. Concurrent sea-level rise would raise the baseline of flooding during such events. Meanwhile, social vulnerability factors such as poverty and disability hinder the ability to cope with storms and storm damage. While physical changes are likely to remain scientifically uncertain into the foreseeable future, the ability to mitigate potential impacts from coastal flooding may be fostered by better understanding the interplay of social and physical factors that produce human vulnerability. This study does so by integrating the classic causal model of hazards with social, environmental, and spatial dynamics that lead to the differential ability of people to cope with hazards. It uses Census data, factor analysis, data envelopment analysis, and floodplain maps to understand the compound social and physical vulnerability of coastal residents in the city of Revere, MA, USA. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A synergetic model for implementing an integrated management system: an empirical study in China

The implementation and certification of quality, environmental and occupational health and safety management systems have become a priority for many organizations. They are viewed as symbol for success and prerequisite for survival. However, it has been proved to be difficult to operate multiple parallel management systems covering quality, environment, and occupational health and safety and to ensure their alignment with the organization's strategy. To investigate the current status of integrated management system (IMS), a structured questionnaire survey was administrated. It is concluded that the major problems for enterprises to operate multiple parallel management systems include: it causes complexity of internal management, it lowers management efficiency, it incurs cultural incompatibility, it causes employee hostility, and increases management costs. The survey also examined the internal and external factors that affect the implementation of IMS. The internal factors include: (1) human resources, (2) organizational structure, (3) company culture, and (4) understanding and perception. The external factors consist of: (1) technical guidance, (2) certification bodies, (3) stakeholders and customers, and (4) the institutional environment. The article proposes a multi-level synergy model (strategic synergy, organizational structural-resource-cultural synergy, and documentation synergy) for an effective implementation of IMS.     

锅炉鼓引风量的合理配比与提高锅炉热效率和环保效果的研究

通过对锅炉鼓引风量配比进行适量调整和对原除尘器S挡板的改进，达到了提高锅炉热效率和环保效果的目的，同时提出了一些相关建议。     

重庆临峰山森林公园生态风险评价与防止对策

重庆临峰山森林公园生态系统属于次生林系统，系统的抗害能力较弱。森林公园规划、开发和运营中存在着较为严峻的生态风险。为了保护森林资源，促进森林公园的可持续发展，分析、评价了其主要生态风险源——森林火灾和生态入侵及其危害，并提出了相应的防止对策。     

Filtration improvement of zinc sludge by using unconventional alkalization sequence

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沉积物中磷负荷及其释放对水质的影响

以华东师范大学校河为研究对象，通过野调研与室内模拟实验相结合，研究了校河沉积物中磷负荷量，释放量与释放速度以及温度和水体扰动对其影响，并探讨了沉积物中磷释放对校河水质的影响，为校河的富营养化防治提供科学依据。     

微型光电检测系统在环境监测中应用探讨

研发了1种可应用于环境监测的微尺度光电检测系统。该系统基于物质吸光理论，以发光二极管（LED）为光发射器件，以光电池为光接收器件．配以适当的检测电路，实现了对溶液锌离子浓度的检测。整个系统具有携带方便、光学元件少、测量精度较高、结构简单紧凑、体积小、成本低廉等优点。通过结构与参量优化设计的初步实验结果表明，微型光电检测系统可以实现溶液浓度的较精确测量，也可用于气体环境因素的检测。     

Informational uncertainties of risk assessment about accidents of chemicals

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