赣南凝灰岩残积土物理力学与应力-应变特性研究

凝灰岩残积土广泛分布于赣南一带,研究其工程特性对当地工程建设以及地质灾害的防治具有重要意义。在赣南地区采取典型的凝灰岩残积土原状样和重塑样,进行了基本的物理力学性质试验以及三轴固结不排水剪切试验,对其基本物理力学性质、抗剪强度特性以及结构等方面的工程特性进行了研究。试验结果表明:凝灰岩残积土依据其塑性指数和颗分曲线,可定名为粉质黏土,其孔隙比为0.91,土体渗透系数为2.25×10-7 m/s,渗透能力较差;凝灰岩残积土原状样的抗剪强度参数为c=14kPa、φ=15.63°,c′=7.83、φ′=28°,重塑样的抗剪强度参数为c=11.99kPa、φ=22.6°,c′=5.08、φ′=30.58°;凝灰岩残积土原状样的总内聚力、有效内聚力均略大于重塑样,而原状样的总内摩擦角、有效内摩擦角均略小于重塑样。     

乡村湿地景观的设计研究

随着社会经济的发展,中国农村面貌发生了巨大变化.以宁夏泾源县上胭村湿地工程设计方案为例,依据水生态治理与景观提升相结合、提高区域水源涵养能力的设计理念,探讨乡村湿地景观设计的原则、水土保持与景观设计的关系和融合地域特征的景观设计的必要性.并由此认识到在水土保持工程设计中融入风景园林内容,将小河道生态景观重建与整治设计相结合,可有效提升水土保持生态建设层次.     

Keep swimming but stop peeing in the pools

正Swimming is excellent exercise and offers many health benefits.However,the"chlorine smell"in swimming pools may be a turn-off for some people.Although this smell is often thought to be of chlorine,it actually comes from volatile compounds that are produced from unintended reactions between disinfectants(e.g.,chlorine)and organic matter in     

Migration behavior and in-situ bioremediation of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent in vadose zone: a review北大核心CSCD

It is of great significance for in-situ bioremediation to clarify the migration behavior and biodegradation laws of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents (CHS) in the vadose zone. We systematically summarized the phase distribution of CHS, the interaction between different phases, and the migration characteristics and clarified the evolution rules of CHS under different phases in the polluted vadose zone. CHS exists in the vadose zone as the NAPL, dissolved phase, adsorbed phase, gas phase, and other phases, where there are three decay evolution stages: early, middle, and late stages. Phase change and diffusion matrix size are important indicators at different stages; at the same time, gas, solid, liquid and NAPL phase CHS have a variety of interactive relationships in the vadose zone. Subsequently, the characteristics of the three main biological metabolic pathways of CHS in the vadose zone–aerobic co-metabolism, direct oxidation and anaerobic reduction, and dechlorination–and their influencing factors were summarized. Generally speaking, the anaerobic dechlorination capacity decreases with a decrease in the number of chlorine atoms, whereas the aerobic degradation capacity increases with a decrease in the number of chlorine atoms. The current status of in-situ remediation of CHS in the vadose zone was summarized using biostimulation and bioaugmentation methods, indicating that adding nutrient substances and injecting anaerobic dechlorination strains of Dehalococcoides are effective means of remediation. Simultaneously, the factors influencing the biodegradation of CHS in the vadose zone were elaborated to acquire a systematic insight into the significance of redox characteristics (oxygen) on the degradation of CHS. Finally, research on the biodegradation of CHS in the vadose zone is prospected, and it is necessary to carry out research on the interactive relationship between different phases of CHS, the data monitoring of CHS, the structure of the functional bacterial community, and research and development of active strains to provide theoretical guidance for the in-situ remediation of CHS in the vadose zone. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Morphological and physiological response of different root orders to biochar addition in continuous cropping cotton in Xinjiang,China北大核心CSCD

为缓解新疆棉花连作障碍,充分挖掘棉花根系生物学潜力,以新疆棉花根系为研究对象,采用模块根分级的方法探究不同根序根系的形态和生理特征以及它们对添加生物炭(BC)的响应.结果表明:根序对两个时期的生理指标、形态指标和根系生物量有显著影响.随着根序级的增加,吐絮期根系的可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、全非结构性碳水化合物含量、第二和第三模块根的平均直径和根系生物量不断增加,两个时期比根长、比表面积和吐絮期组织密度不断减小.与对照相比,添加BC增加蕾期第一、第二模块根的可溶性蛋白含量分别为30.7%和21.8%,增加第一模块根的全非结构性碳水化合物含量79.8%、可溶性糖含量151%、比根长182%和比表面积193%,增加第二模块根的组织密度124%、吐絮期第一模块根的比根长6.3%和第一、第二模块根的组织密度分别为51.2%和23.8%.综上所述,棉花不同根序根系在生理和形态上存在异质性;第一模块根对BC添加最敏感,且BC使其在形态上更细更长,生理上活性更强,这有利于棉花对养分的吸收.(图4表3参57)     

Effects of warming on leaf non-structural carbohydrates and carbon and nitrogen isotopes of Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings during different seasons北大核心CSCD

To reveal the response of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and carbon and nitrogen isotopes in plant leaves to global warming, we conducted soil warming experiments in the Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change National Observation and Research Station of China. We designed two treatments: control (CT) and warming (W; cable heating, +4 ℃). Heating cables were installed 20 cm from each other at a depth of 10 cm and were heated in March 2016. In this study, Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings were used to analyze seasonal changes in leaf non-structural carbohydrates, and carbon and nitrogen isotopes. The results showed that (1) warming significantly reduced the soluble sugar, starch, and NSC content of leaves in spring but without any significant difference during other seasons. (2) Leaf δ13C increased significantly in spring and winter after warming, whereas leaf δ15N did not change significantly. (3) No significant correlation was observed between leaf δ13C, δ15N, or NSC content during the warming treatment, but a negative correlation was observed between leaf δ15N, δ13C, and sugar to starch ratio. A positive correlation between leaf δ15N and starch content was identified. In summary, when temperature increases, plants adjust the NSC content during different seasons for osmotic regulation, change the characteristics of the nutrient cycle, and alter the plant water and nutrient use strategies to maintain plant growth. In the future, we should further study the seasonal variation characteristics of NSC content and isotopes and the relationship between NSC content and the carbon and nitrogen cycles in plants under the context of long-term warming. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Stoichiometric characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in Chimonobambusa utilis leaves at different elevations北大核心CSCD

海拔对植物养分元素的分配和生存策略的权衡具有重要影响.为了解金佛山方竹(Chimonobambusa utilis)叶片氮、磷养分对海拔梯度的响应,以四川盆地南缘3个海拔(1 400 m、1 600 m和1 800 m)金佛山方竹纯林为研究对象,建立12个典型样地,对生长季节叶片氮、磷含量和土壤养分含量、温度、含水量等进行定量研究和相关性分析.结果表明:(1)随海拔的升高,叶片氮含量呈上升趋势,叶片磷含量呈下降趋势,叶片氮磷比呈上升趋势;各海拔叶片氮磷比均大于16,表明金佛山方竹生长可能受到磷限制.(2)冗余分析表明,叶片氮含量和氮磷比与土壤温度、含水量和速效磷含量呈负相关,与土壤速效氮含量呈正相关;叶片磷含量与土壤全氮和速效氮含量呈负相关,与其余环境因子呈正相关;土壤温度、速效氮、全氮、含水量和速效磷含量对叶片氮、磷化学计量特征整体影响显著,变量解释度分别为72.10%、7.90%、8.80%、2.50%和1.20%.(3)相对重要性分析表明,土壤温度和速效氮含量是叶片氮含量变异的主导因子,土壤温度、速效磷和全氮含量是叶片磷含量变异的主导因子,土壤温度、速效磷含量和速效氮含量是叶片氮磷比变异的主导因子.上述研究结果说明,海拔引起的土壤温度和养分供应的差异调节着金佛山方竹叶片的氮、磷化学计量特征.(图4表3参49)     

Photosynthetic characteristics and reproductive strategies of Polygonum viviparum at different altitudes in the Qilian Mountains北大核心CSCD

Polygonum viviparum, which reproduces sexually and asexually, is widely distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and its reproduction strategies are very sensitive to changes in the environment. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of altitude on the photosynthetic characteristics and reproductive strategies of P. viviparum. This study was conducted to investigate the responses of photosynthetic, vegetative, and reproductive traits of P. viviparum populations along six altitudinal gradients in the eastern part of the Qilian Mountains in China. Our results indicated that, with increasing altitude, the net photosynthetic rate of P. viviparum showed an increasing trend, reaching its maximum value (14.39 μmol m–2 s–1) at 3 700 m above sea level. The transpiration rate showed an increasing trend, followed by a decreasing trend, and the intercellular CO2 concentration did not differ significantly between altitudes. With increasing altitude, the plant height and leaf area of P. viviparum showed a downward trend, the aboveground and underground biomass decreased, and the specific leaf area initially decreased and then increased. However, the leaf greenness index showed an upward trend, and the number of stomata in the upper and lower epidermis of leaves initially increased and then decreased. With increasing altitude, the proportion of inflorescence length per plant (the ratio of inflorescence length to plant height), the proportion of bulbil length per inflorescence (the ratio of bulbil length to inflorescence height), and the proportion of the number of bulbils per inflorescence (the ratio of the number of bulbils to the total number of flowers and bulbils) showed an increasing trend. Air temperature and light intensity are the major environmental factors affecting the photosynthetic characteristics and functional traits of P. viviparum. Thus, P. viviparum is exposed to more environmental stresses and obtains less energy when altitude increases, but it adapts to the harsh alpine environment by increasing the photosynthetic capability per unit area. With increasing altitude, P. viviparum populations may be sustained by investing less energy in vegetation and more in reproduction, especially asexual reproduction. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Characteristics of bacterial community in Poyang Lake sandy land under different vegetation restoration conditions北大核心CSCD

为掌握不同植被恢复措施下鄱阳湖沙地土壤细菌群落变化特征,以湿地松、香根草、单叶蔓荆、狗牙根等植物恢复措施的沙地土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,分析植物恢复前后细菌群落变化.结果显示,相较对照组,土壤细菌多样性均有提升,在门水平上,绿弯菌门丰度大幅降低,而变形菌门、放线菌门和厚壁菌门丰度增加.在属水平上,副伯克霍尔德氏菌属、慢生根瘤菌属、芽孢杆菌属、分枝杆菌属等丰度提升,而假单胞菌属丰度大幅下降.植被恢复后,不同植被固氮功能细菌丰度提升,而香根草、狗牙根土壤磷细菌丰度下降,湿地松土壤固氮、解磷功能优势细菌提升幅度为76.11%、51.12%,单叶蔓荆为65.04%、23.17%.土壤容重、有机质、全磷、有效氮是影响功能细菌变化的重要因素,其中有效氮与芽孢杆菌属、分枝杆菌属呈显著水平以上相关性.本研究表明鄱阳湖沙地植被恢复措施提升了固氮细菌的丰富度,但不同植被土壤解磷细菌群落变化差异大;研究结果可为沙地治理提供科学依据.(图6表3参34)     

Variation characteristics of thermal resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in recent 50 years北大核心CSCD

To provide scientific support for the rational development and utilization of thermal resources and avoid climate risks, the distribution of thermal resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the context of climate change was analyzed in this study. Based on meteorological data from 1961 to 2020 at 149 stations in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the changes in thermal resources over the past 50 years were analyzed using inclination rate analysis and Mann-Kendall inspection, combined with JAVA and Python programming. The results showed that: (1) the annual average temperature in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shows an obvious warming trend, and the temperature increases greatly after the 1990s, with the climate tendency rate from 1961 to 2020 reaching 0.298 ℃/10 a. (2) The accumulated temperature and lasting days steadily above 0 ℃, 5 ℃ and 10 ℃ increased significantly, and the accumulated temperature increases were not entirely determined by the duration of the lasting days. (3) The beginning dates of accumulated temperature steadily above 0 ℃, 5 ℃, and 10 ℃ were generally advanced, while the deadlines were delayed, and the trend of early start dates was stronger than that of deadlines. In conclusion, this study shows that, in the context of global warming, thermal resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have undergone substantial changes, which will play an important role in the introduction and extension of crops. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.