铱涂层钛电极电催化氧化降解喹啉

采用电催化氧化降解模拟焦化废水中的喹啉,研究了电极种类、废水初始质量浓度、废水pH、极板间距和电流密度对喹啉去除率的影响.实验结果表明,在以铱涂层钛电极为阳极、废水中喹啉初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、废水pH为9、电流密度为20 mA/cm2、极板间距为1 cm、反应时间为720 min时,喹啉去除率达88.1％.并...     

Increased urinary 8-hydroxy-2��-deoxyguanosine levels in workers exposed to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in a waste plastic recycling site in China

Background

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer used in industrial and diverse consumer products. Animal studies indicate DEHP caused developmental, reproductive, and hepatic toxicities. However, human studies of the potential effects of DEHP are limited.

Methods

The exposed site with a history of over 20 years of waste plastic recycling was located in Hunan Province, China. The reference site without known DEHP pollution source was about 50 km far away from the exposed site. In this study, 181 workers working in plastic waste recycling and 160 gender?Cage matched farmers were recruited. DEHP concentrations in water and cultivated soil samples, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), urinary 8-hydroxy-2??-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and micronuclei frequency in human capillary blood lymphocytes were analyzed.

Results

Mean levels of DEHP were greater in environment at the recycling site than at reference site (industry wastewater for the exposed: 42.43 ??g/l; well water: 14.20 vs. 0.79 ??g/l, pond water: 135.68 vs. 0.37 ??g/l, cultivated soil: 13.07 vs. 0.81 mg/kg, p?p?p?Conclusions The occupational DEHP exposure might contribute to oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage in the male workers.     

相对湿度对烟气脱硫及烟气监测的影响

烟气脱硫是目前国际上广泛采用的控制二氧化硫的成熟技术,其中半干法烟气脱硫工艺在电厂烟气脱硫装置中占到20%～30％。该工艺的核心是将燃煤烟气绝热增湿,以促进氢氧化钙与二氧化硫反应而进行的。其衡量指标之一为烟气相对湿度,烟气湿度大,烟气脱硫效果好,但不利于烟气排放。为此,本文分析了相对湿度的概念、对脱硫的影响,同时分析了相对湿度对烟气监测的影响,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

城市污泥的特性及管道输送技术研究

城市脱水污泥常见的处置方式是焚烧、燃烧发电、堆肥后土地化利用和填埋等.无论采用哪种无害化、资源化处置方法,输送环节都是必不可少的.城市污泥管道输送技术是以管道输送设备为核心,融合城市污泥的预处理和处置工艺的集成化系统.通过对城市污泥的流变特性和输送特性实验测试,其流变方程符合幂定律关系式;通过环管实验拟合出了污泥在管道中的阻力损失与输送距离和输送流量之间的关系,经验证,其理论计算和实际测定基本相符,证明管道输送方式能够成功地应用于城市污泥的远距离输送,为城市污泥管道输送系统的优化设计提供了理论依据.     

国内外生态足迹研究进展

在可持续发展的定量研究中,生态足迹形象地反映了人类经济活动对环境影响的程度,对地区可持续发展的决策具有一定的指导意义。本文阐述了：（1）生态足迹的理论背景、相关概念、计算方法以及与能值分析法、产品生命周期法和投入产出法等综合应用的趋势;（2）生态足迹在全球、国家、地区尺度上的研究成果,以及在国际贸易、能源、旅游、交通、饮食等领域的应用进展;（3）土地互斥假设、全球面积单位、等效因子取值以及研究尺度方面的局限性。最后,本文指出了在多指标整合、污染影响分析和家庭消费尺度研究等方面的研究趋势。     

First-order kinetic gas generation model parameters for wet landfills

Landfill gas collection data from wet landfill cells were analyzed and first-order gas generation model parameters were estimated for the US EPA landfill gas emissions model (LandGEM). Parameters were determined through statistical comparison of predicted and actual gas collection. The US EPA LandGEM model appeared to fit the data well, provided it is preceded by a lag phase, which on average was 1.5 years. The first-order reaction rate constant, k, and the methane generation potential, L(o), were estimated for a set of landfills with short-term waste placement and long-term gas collection data. Mean and 95% confidence parameter estimates for these data sets were found using mixed-effects model regression followed by bootstrap analysis. The mean values for the specific methane volume produced during the lag phase (V(sto)), L(o), and k were 33 m(3)/Megagrams (Mg), 76 m(3)/Mg, and 0.28 year(-1), respectively. Parameters were also estimated for three full scale wet landfills where waste was placed over many years. The k and L(o) estimated for these landfills were 0.21 year(-1), 115 m(3)/Mg, 0.11 year(-1), 95 m(3)/Mg, and 0.12 year(-1) and 87 m(3)/Mg, respectively. A group of data points from wet landfills cells with short-term data were also analyzed. A conservative set of parameter estimates was suggested based on the upper 95% confidence interval parameters as a k of 0.3 year(-1) and a L(o) of 100 m(3)/Mg if design is optimized and the lag is minimized.     

英国职业卫生法规、监管及统计体系

英国按照《职业安全和卫生法(1974)》,以职业安全卫生执行局(HSE)为执法和调查统计的主管机构,建立了以RIDDOR95规程为基础的企业雇主对其作业场所职业卫生记录和报告制度,同时HSE采取多种形式的政府主动调查,形成了较为完善的职业卫生调查统计体系。目前,我国职业卫生的调查统计体系尚未形成。以系统的方法和思路,从英国的职业卫生法规、监管入手,分析其调查统计体系,并采用对比分析的方法,将英国的体系与美国进行对比,学习工业发达国家的共同经验,为我国建立职业卫生统计体系提供借鉴。研究认为,上层法律及配套规范齐全、形成了政府主动调查与企业雇主主动记录和报告相结合的统计方式,以及调查统计数据定期向公众发布和实现信息共享是英美两国体系的共同特征。     

重大工业事故隐患辨识与评价方法研究

从导致事故发生的两类危险源理论出发,结合重大危险源和重大工业事故隐患之间的相互关系,揭示进行重大工业事故隐患辨识和评价的本质就是对危险控制措施和控制能力的评价,即对重大危险源采取的控制措施是否到位,能否有效控制事故的发生。该方法通过对工业单元固有的事故易发性和所采取措施的控制能力二者之间是否满足必要的受控关系,作为重大危险源是否构成重大工业事故隐患的判断依据。在工业生产中的应用该法,可以客观反映危险源的危险控制情况,便于危险源所在单位及时加强技术干预,减少事故发生。     

新疆塔里木河流域生态脆弱带的环境质量综合评价

塔里木河流域是我国生态环境脆弱地区之一,流域内的不同区域,由于物质及能量匹配上不够协调,宏观上表现出不同的脆弱性特征.依据生态环境质量评价的有关原则,结合塔河流域生态环境的实际情况,筛选出20个指标,建立生态环境综合评价的指标体系.通过构建生态脆弱性指数,综合地反映了塔河流域生态环境质量的优劣程度.结果表明,阿克苏河流域属于生态环境改善区,叶尔羌河流域及塔河上游属于生态环境基本平衡区,和田河流域及塔河中游属于生态环境失调区,而塔河下游属于生态环境严重受损区,评价结果符合实际情况,对指导流域生态环境建设具有重要意义.     

流动注射在线预富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水样中Cr(Ⅵ)*

用二乙基硫代氨基磺酸钠（NaDDTC)作为螯合剂的流动注射在线配合C18固相萃取预富集联用火焰原子吸收测定体系,在线分离测定水体中的Cr(Ⅵ),分析试样速率为50个／h,对含Cr(Ⅵ)0.02mg／L和0.15mg/L的标准 溶液进行8次平行测定,其相对标准偏差分别为6.90%和2.18%,相对误差为2.11%-4.75%,方法检测限为4.92ug/L。富集时间为40s,与直接进样比较,灵敏度提高8倍。Cr（Ⅲ)的含量即使达到10mg/L也不影响测定。