Sustainable construction--the role of environmental assessment tools

Construction has been accused of causing environmental problems ranging from excessive consumption of global resources both in terms of construction and building operation to the pollution of the surrounding environment, and research on green building design and using building materials to minimise environmental impact is already underway. However, relying on the design of a project to achieve the goal of sustainable development, or to minimise impacts through appropriate management on site, is not sufficient to handle the current problem. The aim for sustainability assessment goes even further than at the design stage of a project to consider its importance at an early stage, before any detailed design or even before a commitment is made to go ahead with a development. However, little or no concern has been given to the importance of selecting more environmentally friendly designs during the project appraisal stage; the stage when environmental matters are best incorporated. The main objectives of this paper are to examine the development, role and limitations of current environmental building assessment methods in ascertaining building sustainability used in different countries which leads to discuss the concept of developing a. sustainability model for project appraisal based on a multi-dimensional approach, that will allow alternatives to be ranked is discussed in detail in the paper.     

邹平县大气降水酸度影响因素分析

应用灰色理论,以2002,2003,2004,2005,2006连续五年为时间序列点,取大气降水pH值为参考因素,取大气中SO2、NOx、TSP、降尘的浓度为比较因素进行关联分析。灰关联度矩阵表明：邹平县大气降水酸度的最大影响因素是SO2,其次降尘的影响也不容忽视。     

Reaction pathways of dimethyl phthalate degradation in TiO2-UV-O2 and TiO2-UV-Fe(VI) systems

The photocatalytic degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in aqueous TiO₂ suspension under UV illumination has been investigated using oxygen (O₂) and ferrate (Fe(VI)) as electron acceptors. The experiments demonstrated that Fe(VI) was a more effective electron acceptor than O₂ for scavenging the conduction band electrons from the surface of the catalyst. Some major intermediate products from DMP degradation were identified by HPLC and GC/MS analyses. The analytical results identified dimethyl 3-hydroxyphthalate and dimethyl 2-hydroxyphthalate as the two main intermediate products from the DMP degradation in the TiO₂–UV–O₂ system, while in contrast phthalic acid was found to be the main intermediate product in the TiO₂–UV–Fe(VI) system. These findings indicate that DMP degradation in the TiO₂–UV–O₂ and TiO₂–UV–Fe(VI) systems followed different reaction pathways. An electron spin resonance analysis confirmed that hydroxyl radicals existed in the TiO₂–UV–O₂ reaction system and an unknown radical species (most likely an iron–oxo species) is suspected to exist in the TiO₂–UV–Fe(VI) reaction system. Two pathway schemes of DMP degradation in the TiO₂–UV–O₂ and TiO₂–UV–Fe(VI) reaction systems are proposed. It is believed that the radicals formed in the TiO₂–UV–O₂ reaction system preferably attack the aromatic ring of the DMP, while in contrast the radicals formed in the TiO₂–UV–Fe(VI) reaction systems attack the alkyl chain of DMP.     

基于三角模糊数的民航企业“管理”安全综合评价模型研究

在对我国民航企业安全管理的现状和常用的安全评价方法进行分析的基础上,提出并建立了民航企业"管理"安全模糊综合评价模型。首先,从组织管理、风险管理、安全保证、安全促进4个方面对民航企业安全管理的内容和特点进行分析,在此基础上建立民航企业"管理"安全评价指标体系;然后,根据三角模糊数理论和模糊综合评价理论建立民航企业"管理"安全模糊综合评价模型;通过上述指标体系和评价模型从而达到对民航企业"管理"安全进行评价的目的。最后,给出了一个应用实例,其评价结果表明:该模型具有很强的实用性和借鉴价值。     

Numerical simulations of heat and moisture transport in thermal protective clothing under flash fire conditions.

A numerical model of heat and moisture transport in thermal protective clothing during exposure to a flash fire was introduced. The model was developed with the assumption that textiles are treated as porous media. The numerical model predictions were compared with experimental data from different fabric systems and configurations. Additionally, with the introduction of a skin model, the parameters that affect the performance of thermal protective clothing were investigated.     

泡沫分离法处理含Cr~(6+)废水

采用间歇式泡沫分离法处理含Cr~(6+)废水,考察了各因素对Cr~(6+)去除效果的影响。通过正交实验分析确定的废水处理最佳工艺条件:废水pH 4.00,气体流量0.90 L/min,阳离子表面活性剂加入量300 mg/L。进水Cr~(6+)质量浓度为10 mg/L时,间歇运行的Cr~(6+)去除率为97.80%,连续运行的Cr~(6+)去除率为95.89%,出水均可达标排放。动力学实验结果表明,泡沫分离法去除Cr~(6+)的过程符合一级动力学的特征。对泡沫分离柱放大后的废水连续流实验分析结果表明,泡沫分离Cr~(6+)的效果比较稳定,但分离设备对废水处理效果有一定的影响。     

Efficient microwave degradation of humic acids in water using persulfate and activated carbon

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Humic acids are complex mixtures of organic molecules of different sizes, molecular weights and functional groups such as phenols, carboxyls, quinones and amino...     

蒽醌染料中间体溴氨酸降解酶的特性

从污染地分离筛选出的菌株BX26对蒽醌染料中间体溴氨酸有显著的降解脱色作用,降解过程受降解酶的控制,试验结果表明,降解酶为溴氨酸诱导的胞外酶,该酶在温度高于50℃处理后失活,盐度对该酶失活有影响,盐度高于1%会显著降低该酶活力,酶对溴氨酸的催化脱色要有氧参加,氮气气氛中酶活受抑制。     

Experimental Study of the Criteria of Flow Laminarization in Two-Dimensional Dense Gas Plumes

Laminarization of flow in a two-dimensional dense gas plume was experimentally investigated in this study. The plume was created by releasing CO₂ through a ground-level line source into a simulated turbulent boundary layer over an aerodynamically rough surface in a meteorological wind tunnel. The bulk Richardson number (Ri_*), based on negative plume buoyancy, plume thickness, and friction velocity, was varied over a wide range so that the effects of stable stratification on plume laminarization could be observed. A variety of ambient wind speeds as well as three different sizes of roughness arrays were used so that possible effects of roughness Reynolds number (Re_*) on plume laminarization could also be identified. Both flow visualization methods and quantitative measurements of velocity and intermittency of turbulence were used to provide quantitative assessments of plume laminarization.Flow visualization provided an overall picture of how the plume was affected by the negative buoyancy. With increasing Ri_*, both the plume depth and the vertical mixing were significantly suppressed, while upstream propagation of the plume from the source was enhanced. The most important feature of the flow revealed by visualization was the laminarization of flow in the lower part of the plume, which appeared to be closely related to both Ri_* and Re_*.Measurements within the simulated dense gas plumes revealed the influence of the stable stratification on mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles. Both the mean velocity and turbulence intensity were significantly reduced near the surface; and these reductions systematically depended on Ri_*. The roughness Reynolds number also had considerable influence on the mean flow and turbulence structure of the dense gas plumes.An intermittency analysis technique was developed and applied to the digitized instantaneous velocity signals. It not only confirmed the general flow picture within the dense plume indicated by the flow visualization, but also clearly demonstrated the changes of flow regime with variations in Ri_* and Re_*. Most importantly, based on this intermittency analysis, simple criteria for characterizing different flow regimes are formulated; these may be useful in predicting when plume laminarization might occur.