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821.
822.
UV-B辐射对2个水稻品种幼苗稻瘟病的影响及机理初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过盆栽试验研究增强UV-B辐射和稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)联合作用对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)幼苗生长和病害的影响.试验采用4个UV-B辐射强度(0、2/5 kJ·m-2、5.0 kJ·m-2和7.5 kJ·m-2)和两个稻瘟病菌生理小种(Y98-16T和Y99-63C)对2个水稻品种(黄壳糯和合系41)进行处理,以及4个UV-B辐射强度对2个稻瘟病菌生理小种处理.测定水稻的株高、生物量和病情指数,以及稻瘟病菌菌落生长速率的变化.结果表明:(1)增强UV-B辐射7 d再接种稻瘟病菌处理与只接种稻瘟病菌处理相比,导致2个水稻品种病情指数显著降低,最大降幅为2.5 kJ·m-2-Y98-16T处理后的合系41,达83.5%,病害明显减轻.这可能是UV-.B辐射诱导水稻形态结构和生理生化发生一定的变化,抵御病害的能力加强.(2)先接种稻瘟病菌Y98-16T再进行不同的UV-B辐射与只接种稻瘟病菌的处理相比,黄壳糯和合系41的病情指数均显著升高,最大增幅为Y98-16T-7.5 kJ·m-2处理后的合系41,达53.7%,病害加剧,且利用UV-B直接辐射稻瘟病菌Y98-16T,其生长速率总体上呈显著增加.(3)接种稻瘟病菌Y99-63C后进行不同的UV-B辐射与只接种稻瘟病的处理相比,2个水稻品种的病情指数均没有显著变化,总体上,UV-B辐射对稻瘟病菌Y99-63C的生长速率没有影响. 相似文献
823.
在对转炉提钒浊环水质状况进行分析化验的基础上提出了水质调整措施,实施后有效地稳定了提钒浊环水质,改善了因提钒浊环酸性水质导致的缺陷,较好地满足了生产需要。 相似文献
824.
灾后重建土地利用规划环评重点内容解析与实证 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在对四川汶川灾后重建土地利用规划环境影响评价区域与评价对象特征进行分析的基础上,对规划实施的主要资源环境制约因素进行了识别与分析,进而分析并确定了其评价要点;结合灾后重建土地规划环评实践工作,对评价重点内容与要点进行了初步应用。 相似文献
825.
Risk to humans of consuming metals in anchovy (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coilia</Emphasis> sp.) from the Yangtze River Delta 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fengyan Liu Jiachun Ge Xin Hu Teng Fei Yuehua Li Yuan Jiang Zhiqiang Xu Shuyan Ding John P. Giesy 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(6):727-740
Concentrations of metals were determined in four species of anchovy (Coilia sp.) from the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake, and Hongze Lake in Jiangsu Province, China. Concentrations of Cr in anchovy fish
muscle ranged from 2.6 × 10−2 to 5.0 mg/kg ww, and Coilia nasus taihuensis in Jiaoshan, Taihu Lake contained the highest concentrations of Cr, which was almost 111-fold higher than the mean value
at other locations. Concentrations of Pb ranged from 1.5 × 10−2 to 1.3 × 10−1 mg/kg ww. Comparisons of concentrations of lead (Pb) among the four species indicated that anadromous species contained higher
concentrations of Pb than did freshwater species. However, concentrations of Pb in C. nasus from the Nanjing and Haimen locations in the Yangtze River were not significant higher than those of two freshwater species:
C. nasus taihuensis from Taihu Lake and C. brachygnathus from Hongze Lake (Duncan’s test, α = 0.05). While concentrations of Cd and Zn ranged from 7.0 × 10−4 to 3.6 × 10−3 mg/kg ww and 3.4 to 4.8 mg/kg ww, respectively, there were no significant differences in concentrations among the eight locations.
The only concentration of the metals studied that exceeded the Chinese National Standard was Cr in Coilia from Jiaoshan, Taihu Lake, which was 2.5-fold higher than the standard. These results indicate that people who consume the
genus Coilia are not at risk due to concentrations of metals, except Cr in C. nasus taihuensis from Jiaoshan in Taihu Lake. Concentrations of all of the metals studied except for Cr were similar to or less than those
of metals in most other areas in the world. 相似文献
826.
利用盆载试验研究了黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum L.)对2,4,6-三氯酚(TCP)污染土壤的修复作用及其植物毒性影响.结果表明,培养75 d后土壤中TCP的可提取态质量分数随着时间延长逐渐减少,黑麦草加快了土壤中可提取态TCP质量分数的下降.在TCP浓度为1,10,100 mg·kg-1的处理中,种植黑麦草的降解率分别是92.5%、78.2%、55.6%,无植物处理的降解率分别为56.3%、49.2%、37.5%.植物毒性试验结果发现,Lactuca sativa种子的根生长试验可以判断土壤毒性的变化,土壤毒性随着处理时间的延长,毒性降低,说明了植物修复的作用.TCP污染土壤的水提取液也存在毒性,TCP污染土壤有污染地下水和地表水的可能.Lactuca sativa的发芽率不能反映土壤的毒性变化规律,不宜作为评价TCP污染土壤的毒性指标.可见,种植黑麦草具有强化TCP污染土壤的修复作用,可通过促进黑麦草生长,增强土壤微生物活性,提高黑麦草修复TCP污染土壤的能力. 相似文献
827.
Approximately 2.2million cattle carcasses require disposal annually in the United States. Land burial is a convenient disposal method that has been widely used in animal production for disposal of both daily mortalities as well as during catastrophic mortality events. To date, greenhouse gas production after mortality burial has not been quantified, and this study represents the first attempt to quantify greenhouse gas emissions from land burial of animal carcasses. In this study, anaerobic decomposition of both homogenized and unhomogenized cattle carcass material was investigated using bench-scale reactors. Maximum yields of methane and carbon dioxide were 0.33 and 0.09m(3)/kg dry material, respectively, a higher methane yield than that previously reported for municipal solid waste. Variability in methane production rates were observed over time and between reactors. Based on our laboratory data, annual methane emissions from burial of cattle mortalities in the United States could total 1.6Tg CO(2) equivalents. Although this represents less than 1% of total emissions produced by the agricultural sector in 2009, greenhouse gas emissions from animal carcass burial may be significant if disposal of swine and poultry carcasses is also considered. 相似文献
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