Interface-mediated synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles with sulfate-reducing bacterium culture

We have created a new method of ZnS nanospheres synthesis. By interface-mediated precipitation method (IMPM), monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was synthesized on the particle surface of sulfate-reducing bacterium nutritious agar culture. Sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) was used as a sulfide producer because of its dissimilatory sulfate reduction capability, meanwhile produced a variety of amino acids acting as templates for nanomaterials synthesis. Then zinc acetate was dispersed into nutritious agar plate. Subsequently agar plate was broken into particles bearing much external surface, which successfully mediated the synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles. The morphology of monodisperse ZnS nanospheres and SRB were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the microstructure was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermostability of ZnS nanoparticles was determined by thermo gravimetric-differential thermo gravimetric (TG-DTG). The maximum absorption wavelengh was analysed with an ultravioletvisible spectrophotometer within a range of 199-700 nm. As a result, monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, with an average diameter of 80 nm. Maximum absorption wavelengh was 228 nm, and heat decomposed temperature of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was 596℃.     

Electrochemical and spectroscopic characteristics of dissolved organic matter in a forest soil profile

Dissolved organic matter （DOM） represents one of the most mobile and reactive organic compounds in ecosystem and plays an important role in the fate and transport of soil organic pollutants, nutrient cycling and more importantly global climate change. Electrochemical methods were first employed to evaluate DOM redox properties, and spectroscopic approaches were utilized to obtain information concerning its composition and structure. DOM was extracted from a forest soil profile with five horizons. Differential pulse voltammetry indicated that there were more redox-active moieties in the DOM from upper horizons than in that from lower horizons. Cyclic voltammetry further showed that these moieties were reversible in electron transfer. Chronoamperometry was employed to quantify the electron transfer capacity of DOM, including electron acceptor capacity and electron donor capacity, both of which decreased sharply with increasing depth. FT-IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra results suggested that DOM from the upper horizons was enriched with aromatic and humic structures while that from the lower horizons was rich in aliphatic carbon, which supported the findings obtained by electrochemical approaches. Electrochemical approaches combined with spectroscopic methods were applied to evaluate the characteristics of DOM extracted along a forest soil profile. The electrochemical properties of DOM, which can be rapidly and simply obtained, provide insight into the migration and transformation of DOM along a soil profile and will aid in better understanding of the biogeochemical role of DOM in natural environments.     

An online monitoring system for atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) based on stripping coil and ion chromatography

A new instrument for measuring atmospheric nitrous acid(HONO) was developed,consisting of a double-wall glass stripping coil sampler coupled with ion chromatography(SC-IC).SC-IC is featured by small size(50 × 35 × 25 cm) and modular construction,including three independent parts:the sampling unit,the transfer and supporting unit,and the detection unit.High collection efficiency(> 99%) was achieved with 25 μmol/L Na2CO3 as absorption solution even in the presence of highly acidic compounds.This instrument has a detection limit of 8 pptv at 15 min time resolution,with a measurement uncertainty of 7%.Potential interferences from NOx,NO2+SO2,NO2+VOCs,HONO+O3,HNO3,peroxyacetyl nitrite(PAN) and particle nitrite were quantified in laboratory studies and were found to be insignificant under typical atmospheric conditions.Within the framework of the 3C-STAR project,inter-comparison between the SC-IC and LOPAP(long path liquid absorption photometer) was conducted at a rural site in the Pearl River Delta.Good agreement was achieved between the two instruments over three weeks.Both instruments determined a clear diurnal profile of ambient HONO concentrations from 0.1 to 2.5 ppbv.However,deviations were found for low ambient HONO concentrations(i.e.< 0.3 ppbv),which cannot be explained by previous investigated interference species.To accurately determine the HONO budget under illuminated conditions,more intercomparison of HONO measurement techniques is still needed in future studies,especially at low HONO concentrations.     

基于藻类荧光的毒性测试研究进展

毒性测试以微藻细胞为生物敏感元件,以叶绿素荧光变化为响应指标,在监测水体重金属和农药污染方面,具有检出限低、重复性好等优点。然而,实际水环境中藻类生长受众多因素的影响,此法仅能反应各种污染因子的综合毒性。近几年,众多学者致力于提高微藻生物监测的特异性以确定污染物种类,改善微藻固定技术以适应原位监测。文章介绍了基于微藻荧光的毒性测试研究进展,展望了未来的发展趋势。。     

餐厨垃圾生物好氧堆肥的影响因素研究

使用自制的餐厨垃圾处理设备对餐厨垃圾进行生物好氧堆肥,采用L(93)4正交试验法研究了环境温度、含水率和接种量对餐厨垃圾生物好氧堆肥的影响,确定了考察因子的主次顺序以及最优工艺条件,并针对3个影响因素进行了单因素验证试验。实验结果表明:当环境温度为40℃、含水率为40%,接种量为菌种(含辅料)∶餐厨垃圾=4∶3时,含菌量增长速度快,菌种活性强,降解持续的时间长;各因素对含菌量影响的大小的顺序依次为环境温度、含水率和接种量。产出物经检验满足有机肥NY 525-2011标准。     

我国水质水量联合调度研究现状和发展趋势

水质和水量的联合调控是未来水资源调度和水污染控制的主要决策技术之一。文章从水资源调度入手,介绍了水质水量联合调度的概念和重要性,简析了国内外水质水量联合调度的研究现状、发展趋势以及"十一五"国内相关工作的最新进展。并对我国水质水量联合调度研究工作进行了展望。     

欧盟战略环评的实践经验及对中国的借鉴

欧盟战略环评的理论和实践在国际上具有领先地位,对我国具有重要的借鉴作用.2001年,欧盟通过了战略环评指令,规定了战略环评的目标、范围、流程、报告书内容和公众参与等,同时给予了成员国一定的自主空间.2007年的评估表明,欧盟战略环评的实施确实使环保有效地纳入到了战略中,使之更符合环保的要求,此外,战略环评提高了战略制定的规范性和决策的透明度与参与度.2008年,欧盟加入了联合国战略环评议定书,对人群健康、政策和立法环评以及公众参与等提出了更高的要求.借鉴欧盟战略环评的实践经验,我国应在战略环评的范围、加强大纲审查环节、定期评估和总结经验、“定制化”的战略环评以及追赶战略环评国际新趋势等方面进一步改进和提高.     

舟山典型海区浮游植物的动态变化

2009年8月～2011年5月对舟山典型海区的浮游植物群落进行调查和分析,结果表明:在该海域共鉴定到浮游植物4门45属102种。其中蓝藻门2属4种,占3.92%;绿藻门1属2种,占1.96%;硅藻门38属89种,占87.26%;甲藻门4属7种,占6.86%。浮游植物细胞丰度的年波动在2.65×104/L～3.73×104/L之间,平均值为3.04×104/L,并且在春季(5月)最高,夏季(8月)次之。主要优势种有星脐圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus asteromphalus)、中华盒形藻(Biddulphia sinensis)、夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)、并基角毛藻(Chaetoceros decipiens)和佛氏海线藻(Thalassionema frauenfeldii)。其中夜光藻的丰度达4.9×103/L,佛氏海线藻达2.7×103/L。在整个调查过程中硅藻一直占据优势,朱家尖、桃花岛、东极和嵊泗的硅藻种类分别占95.2%,82.1%,81.3%和86.9%。通过对浮游植物群落的多样性指数分析,可认为该调查海区浮游植物种类组成和季节变化明显,群落结构稳定。研究还表明,水质优良程度为嵊泗>东极>朱家尖>桃花岛。     

鄂尔多斯盆地植被覆盖动态监测与评价

基于像元分解模型,利用LANDSATNDVI数据,估算了鄂尔多斯盆地2002年7月和2010年7月植被覆盖度,以量化和可视化的形式分析了鄂尔多斯盆地2002年一2010年间植被覆盖度的时空变化特征,探寻了引起植被覆盖度变化的驱动因素。结果表明：2002年一2010年鄂尔多斯盆地植被覆盖度变化明显,平均覆盖度增加了7．35％,改善和明显改善面积增加了35．67％,退化和明显退化面积增加了1．49％。研究区植被覆盖度增加的主要原因是降雨量的增加和一系列生态建设工程的实施;减少的主要原因是恶劣的生态环境和过度的能源开发活动。     

燃气轮机驱动离心式天然气压缩机声学监测方案设计

以某压气站的燃气轮机驱动离心式天然气压缩机声学检测为例,设计燃气轮机驱动离心式天然气压缩机声学现场监测方案。根据天然气压缩机的基本工艺特征和运行现状,对各个参数监测点位置进行整体、合理的布置。选择科学有效的监测方法对天然气压缩机进行声压级、声功率级及振动现场监测。以声压级、声功率级及振动监测统计数据为依据,讨论分析天然气压缩机基本运行状况下,各个监测参数对机械设备本身性能,环境及人身健康的影响。