Review and prospects of mining chemical dust suppressant: classification and mechanisms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal mine pollution is a serious threat to the mine safe production and occupational health of miners. Chemical dust suppression can effectively...     

Impact of regional temperature on the adoption of electric vehicles: an empirical study based on 20 provinces in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The development of electric vehicles (EVs) is not only a necessary path for China to move from a big country to a powerful country in automobile...     

热-碱处理污泥与木耳菌糠共发酵产酸性能的研究

为克服单一剩余活性污泥(WAS)发酵产酸效率低的问题和资源化利用废弃木耳菌糠(SMS),本文对热-碱预处理污泥(PWS)和菌糠进行共发酵,研究预处理和菌糠添加对共发酵体系的产酸性能影响.试验基于原料的总固体含量(TS)共设置6个处理,分别为污泥(WAS∶SMS=1∶0)、预处理污泥(PWS∶SMS=1∶0)、菌糠(PW...     

不同类型表面活性剂对三氯乙烯的增溶作用

考察不同类型的表面活性剂对三氯乙烯(TCE)的增溶作用.选用阴离子型十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、非离子型聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚(TX100)、阳离子型十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)及生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和脂肽,研究表面活性剂对三氯乙烯的增溶能力.结果表明,5种表面活性剂浓度在临界胶束浓度(CMC)以上时,TCE在水相中的表观溶解度随表面活性剂浓度的增大而线性增大.质量增溶比(WSR)和摩尔增溶比(MSR)为鼠李糖脂>脂肽>CTAB>TX100>SDS.在各表面活性剂溶液中,所用的各表面活性剂质量浓度顺序为SDS#TX100=CTAB#鼠李糖脂=脂肽,两种生物表面活性剂的质量浓度仅为SDS的1%,但生物表面活性剂对TCE的饱和增溶容量有更好的提高效果.因此,相比之下,生物表面活性剂对TCE的增溶能力较强,其中以鼠李糖脂为最佳,而在化学合成表面活性剂中阳离子表面活性剂CTAB增溶TCE的效果最优.     

光纤传感器FBG和BOTDR应用于结构监测的若干比较研究

对建筑结构进行健康监测,可以防止和避免灾害的发生。传感器的选择和使用是进行结构监测时首先要考虑的问题。光纤传感器是一种新型的传感器,因种类不同在性能方面也相差较大。FBG(FiberBraggGating,光纤Bragg光栅)和BOTDR(BrillouinOpticalTimeDomainReflectometry,布里渊光时域反射计)是近些年来发展比较快的光纤传感器,本文介绍了这两种光纤传感器,并着重从两者传感的基本原理、传感系统组成、温度补偿研究和性能优劣等方面进行了详细的比较,得出了各自作为结构监测传感器的优缺点,为今后的监测选用提供了依据,使应用两者时能够做到扬长避短。     

酚类化合物对不同组织细胞DNA损伤的研究

应用单细胞凝胶电泳技术 ,研究了酚类化合物对不同组织细胞DNA的损伤 .试验结果表明 ,酚类化合物均能引起不同组织细胞不同程度的DNA损伤 ,并呈现剂量效应关系 .其高剂量组与对照组相比 ,均有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 1 ) .不同组织细胞对同一种药物呈现出不同的敏感性 .酚类化合物遗传毒性效应与其结构密切相关     

陕北多沙粗沙区乡村聚落土壤侵蚀的典型流域调查与估算——以碾庄沟流域为例

随着乡村聚落的发展,陕北多沙粗沙区乡村聚落土壤侵蚀的严重性已经凸显。以碾庄沟流域为例,研究了乡村聚落土壤侵蚀方式,并对侵蚀总量进行了估算。结果显示:从乡村聚落土壤侵蚀的主要方式来看,以新建窑洞的弃土侵蚀最大,窑洞坍塌侵蚀次之,聚落水蚀侵蚀量最小,其中塌窑侵蚀和建窑侵蚀两项合计占到乡村聚落土壤侵蚀总量的94.6%;从乡村聚落的侵蚀总量来看,面积占1.08%的乡村聚落产生的侵蚀量却占到全流域侵蚀总量的6.83%,人居侵蚀模数达6.3万t/(km2.a)或8.18 t/(人.a)。因此,对乡村聚落土壤侵蚀应加以重视,而土壤侵蚀的防治工作应该以新建窑洞的管理和废弃窑洞坍塌的治理为重点。     

利用CGE模型评价水价改革的影响力——以北京市为例

为保证水价改革公平，将水价影响控制在可承受范围内，需要有工具能评估水价改革的影响。以北京市为例，建立了CGE模型用以评价各部门水价水平高低。通过改进CGE模型的收入方程，以评价水价改革对价格水平、生产、用水量和水费收入的影响。评价结果表明：从1996到2005年，各部门水价水平大幅增加，但极不平均；水价改革对价格水平的影响极低；对某些部门的生产有程度很低的不利影响。但可提高净产值。促进个别部门发展。     

Study on evolution of groundwater-lake system in typical prairie open-pit coal mine area

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Due to the drought climate and a large amount of groundwater drainage, there are widespread environmental geological problems in prairie open-pit coal mining...     

Cu/Cr co-stabilization mechanisms in a simulated Al2O3-Fe2O3-Cr2O3-CuO waste system

• Cu and Cr can be mostly incorporated into CuFe_xAl_yCr_2−x−yO₄ with a spinel structure. • Spinel phase is the most crucial structure for Cu and Cr co-stabilization. • Compared to Al, Fe and Cr are easier to be incorporated into the spinel structure. • ‘Waste-to-resource’ by thermal process at attainable temperatures can be achieved. Chromium slag usually contains various heavy metals, making its safe treatment difficult. Glass-ceramic sintering has been applied to resolve this issue and emerged as an effective method for metal immobilization by incorporating heavy metals into stable crystal structures. Currently, there is limited knowledge about the reaction pathways adopted by multiple heavy metals and the co-stabilization functions of the crystal structure. To study the Cu/Cr co-stabilization mechanisms during thermal treatment, a simulated system was prepared using a mixture with a molar ratio of Al₂O₃:Fe₂O₃:Cr₂O₃:CuO= 1:1:1:3. The samples were sintered at temperatures 600–1300°C followed by intensive analysis of phase constitutions and microstructure development. A spinel phase (CuFe_xAl_yCr_2−x−yO₄) started to generate at 700°C and the incorporation of Cu/Cr into the spinel largely complete at 900°C, although the spinel peak intensity continued increasing slightly at temperatures above 900°C. Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ was more easily incorporated into the spinel at lower temperatures, while more Al₂O₃ was gradually incorporated into the spinel at higher temperatures. Additionally, sintered sample microstructures became more condensed and smoother with increased sintering temperature. Cu / Cr leachability substantially decreased after Cu/Cr incorporation into the spinel phase at elevated temperatures. At 600°C, the leached ratios for Cu and Cr were 6.28% and 0.65%, respectively. When sintering temperature was increased to 1300°C, the leached ratios for all metal components in the system were below 0.2%. This study proposes a sustainable method for managing Cu/Cr co-exist slag at reasonable temperatures.