蒙古栎林生态系统的辐射能量与水分关系的研究

本文把水分循环与辐射能量转换两个功能过程结合起来,研究蒙古栎林生态系统中的辐射能量与水分的关系。结果表明,森林作用层与林地作用层由于获得不同待征的辐射能量,导致水分交换的数量与方向不同。约74.5％的净辐射用于森林的水分蒸发散,而蒸发散又占降雨量77.45％。可见,辐射能量的大部分用于水分循环。本文还研究了辐射能量对融雪过程的影响,发现针阔混交林在冬季由于具有获得适度辐射能量的特点,使得它是一种较理想的融雪径流产流模式,为合理经营森林提供了依据。     

反硝化除磷的影响特性试验

采用SBR反应器(厌氧/缺氧/好氧工艺),分别研究了乙酸盐及硝酸盐浓度变化对反硝化除磷的影响特性。试验结果表明,当进水COD浓度>230mg/L时,乙酸盐浓度的变化对释磷、除磷速率等影响并不显著。在硝酸盐浓度<30mg/L时,硝酸盐浓度越高,缺氧段除磷速率也就越高。在C/P>23,C/N>5条件下,SBR系统对磷、氮去除率在90%以上。     

Simultaneous absorption of NO and SO2 into hexamminecobalt(II)/iodide solution

An innovative catalyst system has been developed to simultaneously remove NO and SO2 from combustion flue gas. Such catalyst system may be introduced to the scrubbing solution using ammonia solution to accomplish sequential absorption and catalytic oxidation of both NO and SO2 in the same reactor. When the catalyst system is utilized for removing NO and SO2 from the flue gas, Co(NH3)(6)2+ ions act as the catalyst and I- as the co-catalyst. Dissolved oxygen, in equilibrium with the residual oxygen in the flue gas, is the oxidant. The overall removal process is further enhanced by UV irradiation at 365 nm. More than 95% of NO is removed at a feed concentration of 250-900 ppm, and nearly 100% of SO2 is removed at a feed concentration of 800-2500 ppm. The sulfur dioxide co-existing in the flue gas is beneficial to NO absorption into hexamminecobalt(II)/iodide solution. NO and SO2 can be converted to ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate that can be used as fertilizer materials. The process described here demonstrates the feasibility of removing SO2 and NO simultaneously only by retrofitting the existing wet ammonia flue-gas-desulfurization (FGD) scrubbers.     

不同土壤重金属复合污染的有效态离子冲量表征

选择红壤、黄棕壤和潮土为对象，依据中国土壤环境质量二级和三级标准确定土壤重金属铜、锌、镉的污染浓度，通过生物盆裁试验研究在重金属Cu、Zn、Cd复合污染条件下牧草（黑麦草、紫花苜蓿）体内重金属含量和土壤中重金属有效态含量的相关性，结果表明，在3种不同性质的污染土壤上，牧草体内重金属的离子冲量与其对应土壤中重金属有效态的离子冲量之间均存在明显的相关性。校正土壤pH、牧草品种等因素后，土壤有效态离子冲量可以有效表征不同土壤-牧草系统的重金属复合污染。     

Evaluation of exposure level of N-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide (FG 7142), an anxiogenic agent in humans

beta-Carboline-3-carboxylic acid methylamide (FG 7142), an anxiogenic agent, has been detected in human urine. The urinary excretion level of FG 7142 in non-smokers was found to be 0.503 +/- 0.25 ng per day (mean +/- S.D., n=10), while that in smokers was found to be 2.418 +/- 0.384 ng per day (n=10). This suggests that humans are exposed to FG 7142 and that smokers are exposed to higher levels of FG 7142 than non-smokers. Considering the previous findings that FG 7142 is present in cigarette smoke, indoor and outdoor air and smoke condensate of tree leaves, humans may be exposed to FG 7142 via the airways and lungs, although we cannot exclude the possibility of exposure via foodstuffs. Results of animal experiments suggest that FG 7142 which enters the bloodstream is excreted into the urine via the kidneys within 24 h in an unchanged form. Therefore, monitoring the level of FG 7142 in urine may be useful for monitoring the exposure level of FG 7142.     

新型堆肥装置设计及其应用研究

根据城市生活垃圾的特点和性质,利用物料平衡和热力学原理进行好氧堆肥实验装置的设计,并对堆肥发酵仓容积的确定和配套辅助设备进行了研究,得出当堆肥装置直径小于225m时,需采取保温措施。通过强制通风静态仓式堆肥小试实验进行的城市生活垃圾堆肥结果表明,通过30℃及以上的水浴加热,可实现固体废物的堆肥化。     

AA3自动分析仪测定地表水中的NO2-N、NO3-N＋NO2-N、NH3-N、PO4^3-

使用Bran＋Luebbe AutoAnalyzer 3自动分析仪，同时测定地表水中的NO2-N、NO3-N＋NO2-N、NH3-N、PO4^3-4个项目，结果显示相对标准偏差均〈1％，回收率在92％～108％之间，检测限较低，且系统运行稳定，能够满足地表水监测的要求。     

选择性催化还原NO反应的研究进展

本文介绍了近年来选择性催化还原ＮＯ反应的研究进展状况，并对目前研究中存在的问题及今后研究的方向提出一些看法。     

第二松花江(哈达湾-松花江村段)沉积物中有机物污染研究

本文所研究江段的有机污染物主要来自两岸工业排放的废水、生活污水、工业废弃物及生活垃圾。污染源主要位于右岸,上游右岸沉积物中有机污染物的总浓度高于左岸,下游两岸沉积物中有机污染物的总浓度趋于一致。两岸沉积物中污染物总浓度随距离的变化规律如下: 右岸:C=92.044S~(-0.3028) R=-0.962 左岸:C=9.231e~(-0.0058) R=0.946 在该江段沉积物中共检出51种有机污染物。其中致癌、可疑致癌、致突变化合物25种,占检出化合物的49％。淤泥质沉积物中有机污染物的存在量60.67吨,岸边滩及心滩土壤中存在量138.2吨。     

自来水厂污泥作填埋场覆盖材料的试验研究

作者对上海市闵行自来水厂污泥渗透系数、重金属含量、浸出液性质进行了分析研究 ,研究结果表明 ,在10 0kPa压力 (一般填埋场压实设备的压实压力 )下 ,污泥的渗透系数为 1.3× 10 -7cm/s ,符合国家规定 ,污泥可以作为填埋场终场覆盖材料。同时 ,边坡稳定的分析研究结果还表明 ,该厂污泥铺设的斜坡倾角不宜超过 16 .5度