自来水厂不同净水工艺对持久性有机物的去除效果试验研究

以多环芳烃和有机氯农药作为有机物评价指标,对某自来水厂常规处理加深度处理工艺,即混凝-沉淀-过滤-炭吸附处理工艺的去除效果评价,并对几种深度处理技术展望.结果表明,检出多环芳烃和有机氯农药均未超出生活饮用水标准(2006)的限值.在研究的净水工艺中,深度处理工艺炭滤对多环芳烃和有机氯农药的去除效果较为理想.强化混凝、臭氧 活性炭和纳滤膜技术是水厂未来经济可行的处理工艺.     

基于模糊综合评价的流域社会经济活动对太湖生态影响评价研究

太湖是我国的五大淡水湖之一。太湖流域是我国经济最发达、水污染最严重的地区之一,正面临着严重的环境问题。随着太湖流域社会经济的发展,太湖流域生态环境将承受更大的压力。因此,分析人类社会经济活动对太湖流域生态的影响,对研究太湖生态环境具有重要意义。采用系统分析的方法,围绕流域人类社会经济活动对湖泊生态安全的影响,建立湖泊生态安全的评价指标体系,利用层次分析法计算各指标因子的权重。在此基础上,以太湖流域2005年和2006年相关数据为依据,以MATLAB为工具,根据模糊数学的原理,利用多级模糊综合评价的方法对太湖进行生态综合评价,确定流域社会经济活动对整个湖泊生态系统的影响。研究结果表明,3个重要指数得分高低顺序依次为：水体环境状态指数＞水体污染负荷指数＞社会经济压力指数;除了点源污染以外,面源污染也是太湖流域生态环境问题的重要根源。     

MoO3掺杂WO3催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

采用低温水热法制备掺杂MoO3的WO3粉体,利用XRD,XPS,DRS和PL光谱对产物进行表征,以太阳光为光源对番红花红T溶液进行光催化降解研究.结果表明:MoO3掺杂含量为10%的WO3粉体对番红花红T溶液的脱色率为89.65%,COD去除率为88.9%.借助DRS和PL光谱分析结果,初步探讨了MoO3掺杂WO3粉体对番红花红T光催化降解的过程与机理.     

水环境中PAHs源解析研究方法比较

综述了近年来水环境中PAHs源解析的方法,包括化学质量平衡法、因子分析法、稳定碳同位素法和比值法等,重点评述了方法的理论基础、适用条件、应用状况和存在问题,并结合我国情况分析了水环境中PAHs源解析方法的发展趋势.认为因子分析法与多元统计方法结合使用是当前我国PAHs源解析的最适用方法,可以实现对源贡献率的定量分析,与GIS技术结合应用,能实现PAHs源的空间统计分析,反映污染源影响作用的空间分布规律.     

曝气池中的新文

本文着重阐述了当前设计、运行污水处理厂作好曝气池这篇文章的重要意义,并在短期的实际运行中取得了好效果。为中国石化总公司倡导的“优化水处理”作出了示范。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus-induced decrease in nitrogen concentration in pore water and nitrogen leaching loss from red soil under simulated heavy rainfall

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) is generally colonized in plant roots and influences the migration of mineral elements such as nitrogen (N) in...     

Impact of pyrolysis temperature and activation on oily sludge-derived char for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study investigated the Pb(II) and Cd(II) sorption from aqueous solution by oily sludge-derived char (OSDC) prepared at different pyrolysis...     

Research on the effects of diesel engine exhaust transport distance on particulate microstructure

This study aims to reveal the evolutionary process of particles during the diesel exhaust transport process and to further understand the effects of diesel exhaust transport distance (D_ET) on a particulate microstructure. Specifically, the micromorphological, particle size distribution, and aggregate characteristics of particles as well as the variation of the structural characteristics of elementary carbon particles (ECPs) as D_ET changed were examined using an engine exhaust particle size spectrometer, a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy system, and a small-angle X-ray scattering system. The results show the following: As D_ET increased, the chains gradually lengthened, the extent of accumulation and stacking increased, and a number of clusters gradually rose. The average particle diameter increased from 23.1 nm at 0 m to 92.7 nm at 3 m. In addition, as D_ET increased, the number of accumulation-mode particles, the number of folded, curved carbon layers in the inner core of carbon particles, and the disorderliness of carbon layers in the outer shell of carbon particles all increased. Moreover, the boundary between the inner core and the outer shell became increasingly obscure. As D_ET increased, there was a gradual decrease in the difference in electron density between particles, and the fractal dimensionality of the distribution, average cross-sectional size, radius of gyration, and axial length of pores were, respectively, 33.3%, 40%, 38.2%, and 50.3% less at 3 m than at 0 m. Besides that, the number of small (< 3 nm) pores gradually increased, and the number of large (> 10 nm) pores gradually decreased. Overall, as D_ET increased, pore size and number decreased. There was a gradual increase in the number of folded and curved carbon layers in the inner core of ECPs and an increase in the disorderliness of carbon layers in their outer shell as D_ET increased. Furthermore, the boundary between the inner core and the outer shell became increasingly obscure as D_ET increased. The crystallite size of ECPs decreased from 1.365 nm at 0 m to 1.098 nm at 3 m. This suggests that the number of continuously arranged carbon atoms decreased, the arrangement of carbon atoms was more disorderly, and the degree of graphitization decreased. As D_ET increased, there was a gradual increase in the interlayer spacing and curvature of ECPs. This suggests that increasing D_ET led to a more disorderly distribution of electron orbitals inside the carbon layers, less electron resonance stability in the carbon layers, greater oxidative activity of ECPs, and greater inherent oxidative capacity of particles.

     

Phosphorus removal from wastewater by waste concrete: influence of P concentration and temperature on the product

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study investigated the feature of phosphorus uptake by low-cost waste concrete. Adsorption isotherms, metal dissolution, influence of P...     

广西1990-2002年生态足迹动态分析

生态足迹是一种评估区域可持续发展程度和量度维持人类的自然资源消费量的帐户工具。本文以广西为例，结广西1990、1995、2002年三个时期的生态足迹及生态承载力进行计算和分析，结果表明，12年以来，广西人均生态足迹和生态赤字均呈快速增长态势，人均生态足迹从1990年的为0.9908hm^2增加至2002年的1.3369hm^2；人均生态足迹赤字从1990年的0.5821hm^2增加至0.9521hm^2。这表明人类对自然资源的利用已经超过了生态系统的承载能力，区域生态经济系统处于人类过度开发利用的重压之下，必须引起重视。