三元氧化体系中协同效应与羟基自由基产率关系的研究

本研究构建了VUV-US-O_3三元氧化体系,以水杨酸(SA)为分子探针,采用高效液相色谱和荧光检测器联用测定分析三元氧化体系的·OH产率.结果表明,各氧化体系的氧化能力排序为VUV/US/O_3VUV/O_3US/O_3VUV/USO_3VUVUS,120 min内对应的SA去除率分别为96.27%、83.57%、74.80%、68.88%、50.67%、36.06%、8.60%,组合体系显示出了明显的协同效应;VUV/O_3、VUV/US和US/O_3中检测出羟基化产物的最高浓度分别为12.32、7.51、4.47μmol·L~(-1),较VUV、US、O_3单独氧化产生的羟基化产物浓度(分别为5.22、0.34、3.61μmol·L~(-1))更高,推测各二元氧化体系中的协同效应主要是由·OH产率增加而引起;将US加入VUV/O_3体系中构成VUV/US/O_3三元氧化体系后,可加速O_3溶解并提高·OH最高产率至22.24μmol·L~(-1),使VUV/US/O_3氧化能力进一步提高.     

北京市大气污染减排潜力及居民健康效益评估

北京市能源消费正面临着污染物减排和保障居民健康的双重约束. 针对未来城市能源消费设计BAU(基准情景)和2个分别基于近期和中长期节能环保要求的受控情景(EC1、EC2),模拟预测了3个情景下主要大气污染物(SO₂、NO_x、PM₁₀、PM_2.5)在目标年(2020年)的排放水平,以确定大气污染减排潜力. 分别采用综合暴露-反应关系模型(IER)和泊松回归模型,评估北京市居民对PM_2.5暴露的健康风险,估算健康损失的经济价值. 结果表明:相较BAU情景,在EC1情景下, SO₂、NO_x、PM₁₀、PM_2.5减排率分别达到52.95%、49.77%、32.82%、41.41%,可减少PM_2.5暴露下居民死亡和发病219 783例,其中死亡1 295例、住院3 920例、门诊182 558例、患病32 011例,获得健康效益111.87×108元;在EC2情景下,SO₂、NO_x、PM₁₀、PM_2.5的减排率分别达到66.61%、63.42%、54.96%、57.44%,可减少PM_2.5暴露下居民死亡和发病519 234例,其中死亡2 930例、住院9 248例、门诊427 070例、患病79 986例,获得健康效益290.10×108元. 相较EC1情景,EC2情景可产生更大的减排潜力和居民健康效益. 从空间分布上来看,北京主城区因能源方案优化获得的健康效益较大,约占总健康经济效益的60%.      

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity,economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO₂ emission sectors, China's iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO₂ emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO₂ abatement, investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO₂ emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO₂ abatement in China's iron and steel industry, while achieving CO₂ emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth. This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth. Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO₂ abatement.     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity,economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO2 emission sectors, China’s iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO2 emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO2 abatement,investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO2 emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO2 emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO2 abatement in China’s iron and steel industry, while achieving CO2 emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth.This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth.Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO2 abatement.     

太湖底泥蓄积量估算及分布特征探讨

根据１９９７－１９９９年现场调查资料，分析了太湖污泥淤泥平面和垂直分布特征，估算了太湖各湖区及不同泥厚的底泥淤积面积和蓄积量。结果表明：全湖有６９．８３％面积为污染淤泥所覆盖，厚度最大达５ｍ以上，底泥总蓄积量为１２９．１５亿ｍ＾３，全湖平均底泥厚底为０．８２ｍ。