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561.
长江三角洲城市旅游与城市发展协调性及影响因素 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
城市旅游业作为城市服务业的重要部门,是推动城市发展的后续动力。运用信息熵赋权法和TOPSIS法相结合,从经济水平、社会发展、公共交通、城市绿化、环境保护、旅游发展6个方面对长江三角洲2003年和2008年的城市旅游与城市发展的协调性进行分析,借助ArcGIS软件的空间聚类法分析了城市旅游与城市发展协调水平的空间格局及演变,最后探讨影响因素。结果表明:长江三角洲16城市的城市旅游协调水平在研究期间相对稳定,具体可被划分为4个等级,第一、二等级城市数量较少,得分显著高于第三、四等级城市。城市旅游协调水平空间上存在较大差异,北部城市得分高于南部城市,基本格局保持稳定,呈现以上海、南京、杭州三个城市为核心向外围边缘城市的空间衰减。产业发展、城市旅游发展模式、城市旅游重大项目投资、区位条件是长江三角洲城市旅游协调水平产生空间分化的主要影响因素,可制定以城市旅游发展为手段的方式推动城市发展,促进区域均衡发展。 相似文献
562.
Guanjie Jiang Yonghong Liu Li Huang Qingling Fu Youjun Deng Hongqing Hu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(5):919-925
Lead (Pb) chemical fixation is an important environmental aspect for human health. Phosphate rocks (PRs) were utilized as an adsorbent to remove Pb from aqueous solution. Raw PRs and oxalic acid-activated PRs (APRs) were used to investigate the effect of chemical modification on the Pb-binding capacity in the pH range 2.0-5.0. The Pb adsorption rate of all treatments above pH 3.0 reached 90%. The Pb binding on PRs and APRs was pH-independent, except at pH 2.0 in activated treatments. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the raw PRs formed cerussite after reacting with the Pb solution, whereas the APRs formed pyromorphite. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that carbonate (CO32-) in raw PRs and phosphate (PO43-) groups in APRs played an important role in the Pb-binding process. After adsorption, anomalous block-shaped particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data further indicated that both chemical and physical reactions occurred during the adsorption process according to the binding energy. Because of lower solubility of pyromorphite compared to cerussite, the APRs are more effective in immobilizing Pb than that of PRs. 相似文献
563.
Some problems including low treatment capacity, agglomeration and clogging phenomena, and short working life, limit the application of pre-treatment methods involving zero-valent iron (ZVI). In this article, ZVI was frozen in an amorphous state through a melt-spinning technique, and the decolorization effect of amorphous ZVI on Acid Orange II solution was investigated under varied conditions of experimental variables such as reaction temperature, ribbon dosage, and initial pH. Batch experiments suggested that the decolorization rate was enhanced with the increase of reaction temperature and ribbon dosage, but decreased with increasing initial solution pH. Kinetic analyses indicated that the decolorization process followed a first order exponential kinetic model, and the surface-normalized decolorization rate could reach 2.09 L/(m2. min) at room temperature, which was about ten times larger than any previously reported under similar conditions. Recycling experiments also proved that the ribbons could be reused at least four times without obvious decay of decolorization rate and efficiency. This study suggests a tremendous application potential for amorphous ZVI in remediation of groundwater or wastewater contaminated with azo dyes. 相似文献
564.
Ultrafine particle emission characteristics of diesel engine by on-board and test bench measurement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cheng Huang Diming Lou Zhiyuan Hu Piqiang Tan Di Yao Wei Hu Peng Li Jin Ren Changhong Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(11):1972-1978
This study investigated the emission characteristics of ultrafine particles based on test bench and on-board measurements. The bench test results showed the ultrafine particle number concentration of the diesel engine to be in the range of (0.56-8.35) × 108 cm-3. The on-board measurement results illustrated that the ultrafine particles were strongly correlated with changes in real-world driving cycles. The particle number concentration was down to 2.0 × 106 cm-3 and 2.7 × 107 cm-3 under decelerating and idling operations and as high as 5.0 × 108 cm-3 under accelerating operation. It was also indicated that the particle number measured by the two methods increased with the growth of engine load at each engine speed in both cases. The particle number presented a "U" shaped distribution with changing speed at high engine load conditions, which implies that the particle number will reach its lowest level at medium engine speeds. The particle sizes of both measurements showed single mode distributions. The peak of particle size was located at about 50-80 nm in the accumulation mode particle range. Nucleation mode particles will significantly increase at low engine load operations like idling and decelerating caused by the high concentration of unburned organic compounds. 相似文献
565.
Changes of protists, which were categorized into different functional groups primarily according to their feeding habits, in two full-scale municipal wastewater treatment systems experiencing sludge bulking were investigated over a period of 14 months. Protist biomass represented 3.7% to 5.2% of total biomass on average under normal sludge conditions, and the percentage increased significantly (p < 0.05) under sludge bulking conditions. The biomass of Chilodonella spp., capable of eating filamentous bacteria, tended to decrease in both systems when sludge bulking occurred, showing that the abnormal growth of filamentous bacteria did not lead to a biomass bloom of this group of protists. On the other hand, the bactivorous protists represented more than 96% of total protist biomass, and the biomass of this group, particularly the attached ciliates, increased significantly (p < 0.05) when sludge bulking occurred. The significant increase of the attached ciliates may have possibly facilitated the growth of filamentous bacteria through selectively preying on non-filamentous bacteria and further exacerbated sludge bulking. The redundancy analysis and correlation analysis results showed that the biomass changes of the attached ciliates were primarily related to the sludge volume index and to some extent related to five-day biochemical oxygen demand loading and hydraulic retention time. 相似文献
566.
采用静态水热晶化法,以硅溶胶为硅源、六亚甲基亚胺(HMI)为模板剂,通过掺杂Ce合成了具有MWW层状结构的Ce-MCM-22分子筛。并利用粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等方法对其进行了表征,对其进行了吸附动力学的研究。研究表明,Ce-MCM-22吸附动力方程拟一级方程为y=-0.028 1x-0.136,R2=0.983 4。Ce-MCM-22吸附动力方程拟二级方程为y=0.465 7x+1.2005,R2=0.999 5,说明拟二级反应模型更能真实地反映分子筛吸附亚甲蓝溶液的反应机理。 相似文献
567.
568.
Xiaoming Li Tingting Shen Dongbo Wang Xiu Yue Xian Liu Qi Yang Jianbin Cao Wei Zheng Guangming Zeng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(2):269-275
Three oxidation processes of UV-Fe3+(EDTA)/H2O2 (UV: ultraviolet light; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), UV-Fe3+/H2O2 and Fe3+/H2O2 were simultaneously investigated for the degradation of amoxicillin at pH 7.0. The results indicated that, 100% amoxicillin degradation and 81.9% chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal could be achieved in the UV-Fe3+ (EDTA)/H2O2 process. The treatment efficiency of amoxicillin and CODCr removal were found to decrease to 59.0% and 43.0% in the UV-Fe3+/H2O2 process; 39.6% and 31.3% in the Fe3+/H2O2 process. Moreover, the results of biodegradability (biological oxygen demand (BOD5)/CODCr ratio) revealed that the UV-Fe3+ (EDTA)/H2O2 process was a promising strategy to degrade amoxicillin as the biodegradability of the effluent was improved to 0.45, compared with the cases of UV-Fe3+/H2O2 (0.25) and Fe3+/H2O2 (0.10) processes. Therefore, it could be deduced that EDTA and UV light performed synergetic catalytic effect on the Fe3+/H2O2 process, enhancing the treatment efficiency. The degradation mechanisms were also investigated via UV-Vis spectra, and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectra. The degradation pathway of amoxicillin was further proposed. 相似文献
569.
深水型水库热分层诱导水质及真菌种群结构垂向演替 总被引:9,自引:9,他引:0
水体真菌种群在调控水库生态系统健康过程中发挥重要作用,为探明热分层诱导深水型水库水体真菌种群结构垂向演替特征,采集金盆水库主库区0.5、10、25、40、60和70 m水深水样,分析水质参数、并运用高通量DNA测序技术诊断水库水体真菌种群结构垂向异质性.结果表明,金盆水库表层水温最高为22.33℃,底层最低为7.21℃(P0.05).水体溶解氧(DO)随水深增加显著降低(P0.05),电导率、总磷(TP)和铁含量随着水深增加显著升高(P0.05),垂向形成稳定的变温层、斜温层和等温层结构.水体真菌种群高通量DNA测序共发现1 247个OTUs,隶属4门14纲39属,主要包括接合菌门(Zygomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和壶菌门(Chytridiomycota).等温层水体真菌种群Shannon指数和Chao 1多样性指数最高,分别为3.45和360,显著高于斜温层水体(P0.05).红酵母属(Rhodotorula,27.23%)、链格孢属(Alternaria,24.28%)、分子孢子菌属(Cladosporium,22.98%)、链格孢属(Alternaria,32.00%)、亚隔孢壳属(Didymella,17.47%)和分子孢子菌属(Cladosporium,28.17%)分别是0.5、10、25、40、60、70 m的优势菌属,不同水深均存在大量未知真菌(Unclassified).热图(heat map)结果表明,热分层期间金盆水库水体真菌种群结构垂向分布差异显著、不同水层具有不同的真菌种群结构.主成分分析(PCA)表明水温、DO、TP、电导率是调控水体真菌种群结构垂向异质性的主要水质因子.该研究结果为水源水库热分层期间水质与真菌群落的偶联机制提供科学依据. 相似文献
570.
青霉菌与生物炭复合修复土壤砷污染的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用随机区组设计,分别对添加不同量的青霉菌和生物炭的砷污染土壤进行培养,通过测定土壤中的As~(3+)、As~(5+)及总砷含量,探究了青霉菌与生物碳复合修复对砷污染土壤中有效砷的钝化率及土壤中砷的价态转化的影响,同时对土壤中的微生物数量进行区系分析,建立了微生物数量与有效砷含量之间的关系.结果显示,随着青霉菌接菌量与生物炭施用量的增加,土壤中总砷含量不会发生变化,有效砷含量从17.74 mg·kg~(-1)下降到12.69 mg·kg~(-1),有效砷的钝化率可达到27.6%左右.而两种价态的砷(As~(5+)、As~(3+))之间没有发生转化,约27%的As~(5+)会被青霉菌与生物炭固定,但As~(3+)在土壤中的含量基本保持不变.在有效砷含量下降的同时,土壤中放线菌的含量基本不变,但土壤中细菌的总量有所上升.结果表明,青霉菌与生物碳复合修复可以降低有效砷的含量,并使砷污染土壤中的微生物环境有所改善,对砷污染土壤显示出较好的修复性能. 相似文献