湖北省生态环境与健康素养水平调查及对策研究

根据2019年7月国务院印发和出台的《国务院关于实施健康中国行动的意见》(国发〔2019〕13号)和《健康中国行动(2019—2030年)》提出的相应考核指标,在基本理念、基本知识和基本技能3个生态环境与健康素养一级分类指标中,当调查对象得分之和大于或等于卷面分数的70％,则认为其具备该分类生态环境与健康素养.居民整体...     

桥式起重机典型事故分析及安全管理

分析了桥式起重机典型事故发生机理,运用事故树分析法对桥式起重机事故发生进行了分析,从而为能够找出安全隐患,制定出最优的控制措施提供了理论上的依据.最后根据分析结果,系统地提出了控制危害,降低事故发生率的安全管理措施,提出一些具有可行性的建议.     

Pig carcass composting using a forced aeration system during different seasons: a field study

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Composting has been recognized as an environmentally acceptable method for treating animal carcasses. This field-scale study was designed to...     

某复合型地铁车站站台防排烟方案研究

在地铁站台火灾中,机械排烟和补风对于有效排出站台烟气至关重要,地铁设计规范要求采用正压送风方式来防止烟气经扶梯和楼梯流入站厅层。对于复合型地铁站台而言,站厅层可能与其它建筑共用,建筑面积较大,难以提供足够的风压进行正压送风。本文利用性能化防火设计方法对多种站台防排烟方案进行研究,并提出了分析流程。本文还针对某实际工程案例验证了这一流程的可行性,并据此选择了一种将机械排烟和补风有机结合的防排烟方案。本文的研究工作对其它类型地铁站台防排烟方案具有参考价值。     

电动单梁起重机吊具冲顶引发起升电机坠落事故分析

针对一起电动单梁起重机吊具冲顶并引发起升电机坠落的起重作业事故,分析了事故起重机电气控制系统和现场紧急处置中存在的问题,指出了导致事故发生的直接原因和主要原因;并从完善起重机电气控制系统本质安全性和加强起重机械使用安全管理的角度提出了相应建议和意见,对预防类似事故的发生具有借鉴作用.     

Field released transgenic papaya effect on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities

Soil properties, microbial communities and enzyme activities were studied in soil amended with replicase （RP）-transgenic or non-transgenic papaya under field conditions. Compared with non-transgenic papaya, significant differences （P〈0.05） were observed in total nitrogen in soils grown with transgenic papaya. There were also significant differences （P〈0.05） in the total number of colony forming units （CFUs） of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi between soils amended with RP-transgenic plants and non-transgenic plants. Compared with non-transgenic papaya, the total CFUs of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in soil with transgenic papaya increased by 0.43-1.1, 0.21-0.80 and 0.46-0.73 times respectively. Significantly higher （P〈0.05） CFUs of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi resistant to kanamycin （Km） were obtained in soils with RP-transgenic papaya than those with non-transgenic papaya in all concentrations of Km. Higher resistance quotients for Km＇ （kanamycin resistant） bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were found in soil planted with RP-transgenic papaya, and the resistance quotients for Km＇ bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in soils with transgenic papaya increased 1.6-4.46, 0.63-2.5 and 0.75-2.30 times. RP-transgenic papaya and non-transgenic papaya produced significantly different enzyme activities in arylsulfatase （5.4-5.9x）, polyphenol oxidase （0.7-1.4x）, invertase （0.5-0.79x）, cellulase （0.23-0.35x） and phosphodiesterase （0.16-0.2x）. The former three soil enzymes appeared to be more sensitive to the transgenic papaya than the others, and could be useful parameters in assessing the effects of transgenic papaya. Transgenic papaya could alter soil chemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial communities.     

Performance of a novel vertical-flow settler: a comparative study

By increasing particle concentration and G value （root-mean-square velocity gradient） to enhance flocculation, a novel vertical-flow settler was designed to increase sedimentation effectiveness, and to simultaneously improve operational stabilization. Due to the gradual decrease in upward flow-rate of raw water, a floes blanket would form and suspend in the middle section of the settler, not at the bottom as in a conventional clarifier. Enough large floes, resulted from flocculation or fltration, would continuously settle out of the floes blanket, and simultaneously, the floes in raw water or those forming above the blanket would ceaselessly enter the floes blanket. As a result, the floes concentration in the blanket could keep a dynamic balance. The hydrodynamic shear in the blanket was improved by flow separation, which was induced by the abrupt change in flow channel. Due to the floes blanket and improved hydrodynamic shear, flocculation would be enhanced, which was helpful for removing fine particles in raw water. A comparative study showed that the novel vertical-flow settler had a much better performance in the removal of the particles in raw water than a conventional one, when they treated kaolin suspensions of different concentrations （500, 100 and 50 mg/L, respectively） coagulated by polyaluminum chloride（PAC1） at the up-flow rates of 1 and 2 mm/s, respectively.     

吃饱和吃好语境对我国耕地保护的启示

人民日益增长的美好生活需要已然对粮食产出提出更高要求,综合辨析吃饱和吃好理念,运用理论分析、GM模型对耕地保护目标进行数理预判,为面向2035年美丽中国背景下耕地保护与粮食安全战略提供决策依据.结果表明:(1)在理论假设的完全理想状态下,仅解决吃饱需要的耕地数量为1.18亿hm2,实现全面吃好需要的耕地数量为1.43亿hm2,现有的耕地存量还难以满足该需求;兼顾"吃饱+吃好"双重情境下新时期耕地保有量区间为1.25×108～1.38×108hm2.(2)吃饱和吃好作为中国语境下粮食安全的核心问题,是对国民需求、社会发展、耕地资源形成的自组织系统在时空跃迁过程中的整体性把握.(3)从粮食质量需求视角,到2030年我国人口高峰年,耕地需求仍有不足风险.实施最严格的耕地保护制度仍是我国必须坚守的基本国策,确保耕地质量的"纯洁性"将成为耕地保护转型的重要方向.     

热力耦合作用对桩及桩间土拱效应的影响研究*

为研究负温对桩侧应力及桩间土拱效应的影响,通过FLAC3D软件模拟热力耦合作用下新型排桩冻结法中桩间土拱效应的变化及温度效应下的桩间距,并根据巴霍尔金单排管冻结稳态温度场解析解,建立冻结壁平均温度区域解。研究结果表明:桩土接触面的应力分量τxy近似线性变化,应力分量σx近似均匀分布,温度降低对应力分量τxy的分布影响较小,但对应力分量σx的影响较大;负温使桩间距发生变化,且整体平均应力的分布也更加均匀化;通过与巴霍尔金解析解对比,证明单排管冻结温度场模型的可行性,在此基础上建立的单排管冻结壁平均温度区域解,其与数值模拟结果相差不超过1 ℃,计算误差满足工程要求;随着冻结时间的增加,单排管冻结壁温度场呈抛物线形式降低。     

基于模糊推理的FRAM事故定量分析方法研究

为有效克服FRAM事故分析中无法进行定量分析的缺陷,提出结合模糊推理技术的Fuzzy FRAM模型。此改进模型基于FRAM识别系统运行状态;依据功能输出要素的时间/精度属性利用Matlab构建2阶模糊推理系统量化功能输出质量;根据通用性能条件(CPC)及功能输入耦合端口构建功能评价体系,针对评价体系中存在的不确定性信息融合及建模问题,采用模糊证据推理技术,通过模糊信度结构建立、数据处理、信息融合测度后获得功能的风险指数;以既有铁路危险品运输事故为例,验证方法的可行性。结果表明:Fuzzy FRAM模型的评估结果较为精确,是FRAM分析方法的有效补充。