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61.
Nakata H Hirakawa Y Kawazoe M Nakabo T Arizono K Abe S Kitano T Shimada H Watanabe I Li W Ding X 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,133(3):415-429
Contamination by persistent organochlorines (OCs), such as DDTs, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were examined in sediments, soils, fishes, crustaceans, birds, and aquaculture feed from Lake Tai, Hangzhou Bay, and in the vicinity of Shanghai city in China during 2000 and 2001. OCs were detected in all samples analyzed, and DDT and its metabolites were the predominant contaminants in most sediments, soils and biota. Concentrations of p,p'-DDT and ratio of p,p'-DDT to SigmaDDTs were significantly higher in marine fishes than those in freshwater fishes. While the use of DDTs has been officially banned in China since 1983, these results indicate a recent input of technical DDTs into the marine environment around Hangzhou Bay. Comparison of organochlorine concentrations in fishes collected from Lake Tai and Hangzhou Bay suggests the presence of local sources of HCHs, chlordanes and PCBs at Lake Tai. Higher proportions of penta- and hexa-PCB congeners in fishes at Lake Tai may suggest the use of highly chlorinated PCB product, such as PCB(5), around this lake. To our knowledge, this is a first comprehensive study to examine the present status of organochlorine contamination in various environmental media, such as sediments, soils and wildlife, in China. 相似文献
62.
Kanjana Adulyanukosol Surasak Thongsukdee Takeshi Hara Nobuaki Arai Makoto Tsuchiya 《Marine Biology》2007,151(5):1887-1891
The seagrass beds at Muk Island and Talibong Island in Thailand are important areas for dugong (Dugong dugon) feeding and reproduction. We used opportunistic observations during aerial surveys to investigate dugong mating behavior
in shallow water areas near Talibong Island on three different days. The mating pattern was categorized by five stages: (1)
following: the male followed the female, (2) approaching and stimulating: the male approached and muzzled the female, (3)
pairing: both male and female swam in parallel, ventral to ventral or dorsal to dorsal side, (4) mounting: the male copulated
with the female, and (5) separating: the male and female swam in different directions. Parental care of calves included one
observation of a cow embracing her neonatal calf by the flippers. 相似文献
63.
Refuse-derived fuel (RDF)—RDF-5 according to ASTM guidelines—derived from municipal solid waste and other waste materials, has been prepared as a fuel source for power plants in Japan. RDF has been known as a stable and safe solid-fuel. However, some spontaneous ignition incidents occurred during storage of RDF in certain facilities. In the present study, the storage conditions, which might induce the spontaneous ignition in RDF samples, was investigated to understand and prevent this phenomenon. When the initial temperature of RDF sample was consistent, higher water content and shorter induction times was observed (e.g., the induction times of select RDF samples with 5.8% and 16.7% water content, was 446 and 270 min, respectively). Also, the induction time was affected by the size of a RDF sample. No relationship between bacterial fermentation and spontaneous ignition was observed. The linear relationship between the induction time and the inverse of the initial temperature of the RDF sample was obtained in the Arrhenius equation. 相似文献
64.
In order to understand the migratory history and habitat use of the tropical anguillid eels Anguilla
celebesensis, A. marmorata, and A. bicolor bicolor, the otolith strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations were examined for eels collected in Indonesian waters. In A. bicolor bicolor collected in a lagoon, the change in Sr:Ca ratios outside the high Sr:Ca core generally indicated two patterns of habitat
residence: (1) constant living in either brackish or sea waters with no freshwater life (25%) and (2) habitat shifts from
fresh water to brackish or sea waters (75%). No A. bicolor bicolor had a general life history as a freshwater resident. A.
celebesensis and A. marmorata from the uppermost freshwater lake showed freshwater life history patterns. The wide range of otolith Sr:Ca ratios in A. bicolor bicolor indicated that the habitat use of this tropical eel was facultative among fresh, brackish, and marine waters during the growth
phase after recruitment to coastal areas similar to that for temperate eels. Thus, the migration of anguillid eels into fresh
water is clearly not an obligatory. 相似文献
65.
Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli Ferdaus Mohamat-Yusuff Takaomi Arai Ahmad Ismail Nobuyuki Miyazaki 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,169(1-4):457-472
Concentrations of 11 trace elements (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Pb, and U) were determined in the intertidal surface sediments of Peninsular Malaysia. The average trace element concentrations are ranked as follows: Zn>V>As>Cr>Pb>Cu>Ni>Co>U>g>Cd. Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines (ISQGs) employed in present study are the Australia and New Zealand joint guideline (ANZECC/ARMCANZ), and the Hong Kong authorities. From the pooled data, none of these trace elements have the average concentration above the ISQG-high values. However, As and Ag average concentrations were over the ISQG-low values. Some elements were found to have the average concentration above the ISQG-high and/or ISQG-low in certain locations, including Kampung Pasir Putih (JPP), Lumut Port (ALP), Kuala Perai (PKP), Port Dickson (NPD), and others. The lowest and highest concentrations in a specific sampling location and maritime area varied among the elements, variations that were greatly affected by natural and anthropogenic activities in a given area. For each trace element, there were various levels of concentration among the sampling locations and maritime areas. These patterns indicated pollutant sources of an element for each area perhaps derived from nearby areas and did not widely distributed to other locations. It is necessary for Malaysia to develop an ISQG for effective quick screening and evaluation of the coastal environment of Peninsular Malaysia. 相似文献
66.
67.
Persistent organic pollutants have been shown to have immunomodulating effects in humans. However, epidemiological evidence regarding the relationships between organochlorine compound exposure and allergic disorders coming from studies of children has been limited and inconsistent. The current cross-sectional study examined the associations between the concentrations of β-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and trans-nonachlordane in breast milk and the prevalence of allergic disorders in 124 adult Japanese women. The definition of wheeze and asthma was based on criteria from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey whereas that of eczema and rhinoconjunctivitis was based on criteria from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Adjustment was made for age, smoking, family history of allergic disorders, and education. The prevalence values of wheeze, asthma, eczema, and rhinoconjunctivitis in the past 12 months were 9.7%, 4.8%, 13.7%, and 29.8%, respectively. The median concentrations of β-HCH, HCB, p,p'-DDE, and trans-nonachlordane in breast milk were 28.3, 7.0, 71.6, and 23.9 ng g(-1) lipid, respectively (range, 4.5-253, 2.1-14.5, 7.5-362, and 1.8-130 ng g(-1) lipid, respectively). When the exposures were treated as continuous variables, no significant associations were found between concentrations of HCB, β-HCH, p,p'-DDE, or trans-nonachlordane and the prevalence of wheeze, asthma, eczema, or rhinoconjunctivitis. Our results suggest that concentrations of β-HCH, HCB, p,p'-DDE, and trans-nonachlordane in breast milk are not evidently associated with the prevalence of wheeze, asthma, eczema, or rhinoconjunctivitis in young female Japanese adults. 相似文献
68.
Masaru Watanabe Shuhei Sawamoto Tadafumi Adschiri Kunio Arai 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):99-102
This paper gives the results of partial oxidation experiments of polyethylene (PE) in supercritical water (SCW). The experiments
were carried out at a reaction temperature of 693K and a reaction time of 30 min using 6 cm3 of a batch-type reactor. The loaded sample weight was 0.3 g and there was 2.52 g water (0.42 g/cm3). The ratio of oxygen atoms to carbon atoms was 0.3. The results show a significant CO formation in O2–SCW, and the 1-alkene/n-alkane ratio in partial oxidation was higher than that in SCW pyrolysis. These results suggest the possibility of the hydrogenation
of hydrocarbon through partial oxidation followed by a water–gas shift reaction.
Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 28, 2000 相似文献
69.
70.
In order to understand the reproductive contribution among migratory types in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, otolith strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations by X-ray electron microprobe analysis were examined for 37 silver
eels collected in Kii Channel off Shikoku Island during the spawning migration season. The wide range of otolith Sr:Ca ratios
indicated that the habitat use of A. japonica was not obligatory but facultative among fresh, brackish and marine waters during their growth phases after recruitment to
the coastal areas as glass eels. Three migratory types, which were categorized as river eels, estuarine eels and sea eels
were found. The estuarine eels were dominant (59%), followed by sea eels (22%) and river eels (19%). The low proportion of
river eels from the spawning migration season suggested that the estuarine and sea eels inhabiting the nearby coastal areas
might make a larger reproductive contribution to the next generation in this area. 相似文献