江苏及邻区震群活动成因探讨

系统研究了1985年以来江苏及邻区的36次小震群,结果表明,江苏及邻区的地震具有成丛活动的特点,每一丛地震活动持续时间和平静时间没有明显的周期性,这反映了它是在一定的外部应力环境控制下发生的.江苏及邻区地震的成丛活动与台湾地区7级以上强震有一定的呼应关系,多发生在台湾地区7级以上强震前后.分析表明,台湾地区7级以上强震...     

硫化矿物中无机盐及重金属离子溶出的影响因素探讨

基于浸泡试验,在不同的时间、温度、酸碱度、固液比等条件下研究硫化矿物中无机盐和重金属离子的溶出反应,得到影响该溶出反应的重要因素,为实际矿业生产过程中硫化矿物的堆放和处理提供了理论依据.     

氧化镁基催化剂及脱硝性能研究

为控制燃烧烟气中NOx的污染,对共混合方法制备的氧化镁基催化剂进行烟气直接催化分解法脱硝实验研究,分析模拟烟气脱硝塔内温度及床层高度及氧气浓度、NO浓度和空速对脱硝效率的影响.研究表明:氧化镁基催化剂可以采用直接催化分解法对烟气脱硝,脱硝率85%～95%,氧化镁基催化吸附剂组成为氧化镁、固化剂、添加剂;脱硝的床层高度4～5 cm,脱硝反应温度130～170℃,烟气空速2 500～3 000 h-1;研究推测出氧化镁基催化剂存在活性缺陷,并对脱硝机理进行了初步分析.     

防洪工程信任对公众水灾风险认知的影响初探——基于长江流域部分地区问卷调查的分析

研究影响公众自然灾害风险认知的因素,有助于寻找风险因子,为加强风险沟通与理解、制定风险管理策略提供基础依据。防洪工程作为人类抵御水灾的重要手段,具备使公众对其产生信任动机的条件,成为影响公众水灾风险认知的重要因素之一。选择位于长江流域上游的重庆、中游的九江和岳阳、下游的上海和吴江等地区进行问卷调查,通过统计分析共885份有效问卷的数据,研究了公众对于防洪工程的信任程度,及其对水灾风险认知的影响。结果显示,防洪工程明显的御灾效果改变了大多数（3／4强）民众对水灾灾害属性的认识,由此建立了工程信任;信任使得多数（80％）公众对水灾风险的评估值很小,尤其是对个人受灾的风险估计出现乐观偏差;进而产生了消极与积极并存的防灾意愿倾向,并导致实际的防灾备灾行为不足。研究还发现,工程信任、风险评估是属于社会共构的心理特性,各地公众基本持一致的观点或态度,但存在一定的区域差异;相较而言,长江中游的民众对水灾的风险感知最强,其次是上游地区的民众,下游地区民众的风险感知最弱。由于对防洪工程的信赖而降低风险意识,是公众风险认知中存在的风险因子之一。     

从九江地震看我国村镇房屋抗震设防

在总结分析九江地震震害的基础上,结合对我同华南、华东、华中、华北等一些地区村镇房屋历史震害特点及抗震能力现状调查结果的分析,指出了我国村镇房屋抗震能力薄弱的关键环节和普遍的震害规律,从工程防灾的角度论述了加强房屋抗震设防的有效性和必要性,阐述了目前我国村镇房屋抗震设防现状与口标的差距,进一步指出了加强抗震设防建设是减轻地震灾害的根本途径.     

物元理论在区域减灾中的应用

物元分析是解决矛盾问题的规律和方法,是系统科学,思维科学和数学的交叉学科,本文通过具体的事例分析说明自然灾害研究具有发散性,可扩性,相关性的共轭性的特点,鉴于自然灾害的特性,提出了减灾工作应在传统理论研究的基础上,应用物元理论采用可拓学的方法。     

Background levels and dietary intake of PCDD/Fs in domestic and imported meat in South Korea

A survey was conducted in South Korea to determine residual levels and dietary intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) from meat. Altogether 119 domestic and 164 imported samples of beef, pork, and chicken were examined. The mean levels of PCDD/Fs in upper bound were 0.21, 0.22, and 0.04pg WHO-TEQ/g fat for beef, pork, and chicken, respectively. The low level of PCDD/Fs in chicken probably resulted from the low fat content in the samples used. The samples were separated into domestic and imported products in order to investigate the sources of contamination. PCDFs were the more dominant congeners in domestic beef and were similar to those found from emission of incineration. However, the congener profiles of domestic beef and incineration were difficult to compare because the environmental fate and animal metabolism were involved. The upper bound dietary intake of PCDD/Fs from beef, pork and chicken was calculated to be 0.04pg/WHO-TEQ/kgbw/day. The combined consumption of beef, pork, and chicken was found to be 84.8g per day for a person weighing 60kg and represented 5.7% of their total daily food intake.     

Reliable evidences that the removal mechanism of hexavalent chromium by natural biomaterials is adsorption-coupled reduction

For the last few decades, over 200 papers have been published in the Cr(VI) biosorption research field. Most early studies have claimed that Cr(VI) was removed from aqueous phase through an anionic adsorption, but this approach has been lost old original position. It has been newly explained that these findings were misinterpreted due to errors in measuring the concentrations of different chromium species in the aqueous phase, insufficient contact time required for equilibrium and the lack of information about the oxidation state of the chromium bound to biomaterials. Although 'adsorption-coupled reduction' is now widely accepted as the mechanism of Cr(VI) biosorption by natural biomaterials, a number of researchers still believe that Cr(VI) is removed by anionic adsorption onto the biomaterials. Therefore, the objective of this study was to show reliable evidences that the removal mechanism of Cr(VI) by natural biomaterials is 'adsorption-coupled reduction'. Sixteen natural biomaterials were used to study the Cr(VI) biosorption. Not only Cr(VI) but also total Cr in the aqueous phase were analyzed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscope was also used to verify the oxidation state of the chromium bound to the biomaterials. Finally, the removal behavior of Cr(VI) by each biomaterial was described by a kinetic model based on a redox reaction.     

离子色谱法测定大气中的甲磺酸

建立了以玻璃纤维膜-KB120气溶胶采样器采集大气中甲磺酸的采样方法;以0.1mmol·l-1H3BO3/0.1mmol·l-1 Na2B4O7为淋洗液的甲磺酸离子色谱分析方法.分析方法的精密度和准确度分别为5%和4%.并实测了青岛冬季大气气溶胶中MSA,SO2-4和NO-3的平均浓度分别为0.10μg·m-3,30.40μg·m -3和17.98μg·m-3.     

中国煤电和核电的环境影响与健康风险比较

将煤电与核电的环境影响和健康风险从全燃料链角度进行比较 ,结果表明 ,煤电燃料链的环境影响和健康风险比核电燃料链大。