气相色谱的电子压力控制技术

在调节气相色谱仪器的诸多性能时，电子压力控制技术能精确控制载气流速，文章叙述了电子压力控制技术在上色谱中应用的基本原理，并以农药样品分析为例介绍了它在进样和柱分离时的作用。     

汕头市火灾损失预测初探

本文根据汕头市有关方面1993年1月提供的该市1987年至1993年火灾损失资料,采用灰色系统理论对该市后几年的火灾最低损失值进行预测,表明该系统是着眼于系统未来行为的预控制,是超前控制,因此控制具有实时性与适用性。     

Engineering practice of mechanical soil aeration for the remediation of volatile organic compound-contaminated sites in China: Advantages and challenges

In recent years, many industrial enterprises located in the urban centers of China have been relocated owing to the rapid increase in urban development. At the sites abandoned by these enterprises, volatile organic compounds have frequently been detected, sometimes at high concentrations, particularly at sites abandoned by chemical manufacturing enterprises. With the redevelopment of sites and changes in land-use type associated with these sites, substantial amounts of contaminated soils now require remediation. Since China is a developing country, soil remediation warrants the usage of techniques that are suitable for addressing the unique challenges faced in this country. Land shortage is a common problem in China; the large numbers of contaminated sites, tight development schedules, and limited financial resources necessitate the development of cost-effective methods for land reclamation. Mechanical soil aeration is a simple, effective, and low-cost soil remediation technique that is particularly suitable for the remediation of large volatile organic compound-contaminated sites. Its effectiveness has been confirmed by conducting laboratory studies, pilot tests, and full-scale projects. This study reviews current engineering practice and developmental trends of mechanical soil aeration and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this technology for application in China as an emerging soil remediation market. The findings of this study might aid technology development in China, as well as assist other developing countries in the assessment and implementation of costeffective hazardous waste site soil remediation programs.

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垃圾渗滤液处理工程实例

利用厌氧UASB+膜生物反应器MBR+纳滤工艺处理垃圾填埋场产生的垃圾渗滤液,介绍了各处理阶段的设计、运行参数和经济技术指标,设计处理规模为100 m3/d。在进水ρ(COD)为10 000 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)为5 000 mg/L,经处理后,出水ρ(COD)达到60 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)约为20 mg/L,去除率分别达到99.4%、99.6%,且出水稳定,达到地方标准DB 11/307-2005《北京市水污染排放标准》中二级排放标准。     

改性稻草对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学

以氢氧化钠作为预处理剂,以环氧氯丙烷作为醚化交联剂,以三甲胺作为季铵化反应剂,对原稻草进行改性;比较改性前后稻草的吸附效果,探究pH对吸附效果的影响以及不同初始浓度、温度条件下改性稻草吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的动力学特性.结果表明,改性稻草对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量得到很大提高;pH值在2.0—6.4之间时,Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量达到最大值,本实验选择pH=6.4;不同Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度和不同温度下,准二级速率方程相关系数R2的范围为0.9562—0.9982,证明准二级速率方程能够很好地描述改性稻草对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程,准二级速率方程的吸附速率常数k2随温度的升高而增大;准一级速率方程只适合描述Cr(Ⅵ)吸附过程的初始阶段,吸附过程受颗粒内扩散的控制;稻草秸秆通过化学改性制成表面有季铵基的氯型吸附剂,Cr(Ⅵ)的阴离子与改性稻草上的氯离子交换从而得以去除.     

考虑参数不确定性的框剪结构敏感性分析

建筑结构的地震需求受诸多不确定性参数的影响,为研究这些参数对地震响应的影响,以13层钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构为例,基于结构非线性时程分析的结果,得到了选择不确定性参数的Tornado图形敏感程度排序,排序结果表明:对于无控和有控结构,地震动强度和地震动特征对地震需求的影响均较显著;增设阻尼器后,阻尼系数和阻尼指数也会...     

基于C4ISRE系统的核电站大气核污染扩散轨迹系统仿真研究

为了在核污染事故处理时提供精细化预警,以辽宁省某核电站周边部分重要目标（大衣屯、大周屯、红沿河镇、驼山乡、西杨乡、复大线应急撤离线路）为研究对象,将环境保护指挥自动化系统C4ISRE（Command,Control,Communications,Computer,Intelligence,Surveillance,Reconnaissance,Environmental Impact Assessment）与HYSPLIT 4.9模型相耦合,采用NCEP（美国国家环境预报中心）的FNL全球气象数据对核污染扩散轨迹进行仿真研究.结果表明:自模拟初始时间2014-04-01T00:00:00.00开始,进、出大衣屯边界时间分别为00:06:16.560、00:06:49.000,历时31.340 s;由西向东横穿过大周屯,进、出时间分别为于00:06:16.56到达大衣屯北部边界,于00:06:46.90扩散出大衣屯边界,经过大衣屯区域耗时共计29.00 s;核污染气团于00:15:30.85到达大周屯上空500 m处,由西向东横穿过大周屯,于00:15:46.05离开大周屯上空,过程耗时15.20 s;核污染气团于00:32:14.25经过重要应急撤离线路2（复大线）,全程耗时32 min 14.25 s.核污染气团与从2014-04-01T00:00:00.000进入红沿河镇上空500 m区域,于00:24:27.00扩散出,全程历时24 min 27.00 s;进、出驼山乡上空500 m区域的时间分别为00:24:28、00:51:00,历时26 min 32.00 s;进、出西杨乡上空的时间分别为00:51:01、01:05:4.70,历时14 min 37.00 s;重点区域大衣屯和大周屯行政区的预警时间分别为376.56、930.85 s,重点撤离线路2区域预警时间为1934.25 s.      

火星水手谷滑坡体体积的计算方法研究

火星滑坡研究对地球上高速远程滑坡形成机制具有借鉴意义,其中火星滑坡体体积的计算是调查难点之一。基于NASA火星侦查轨道器背景摄影技术,借助谷歌地球软件,对火星水手谷中的12处典型滑坡进行了识别与分析。运用Alfred S.McEwen公式和方格网两种方法,计算了火星滑坡体的体积V,得出火星水手谷中12处典型滑坡体的体积平均在1 500km3,最高可达5 452.4km3。采用数理统计理论,发现滑坡体体积V与堆积区域面积D满足V=103.046 D1.036,滑坡体高度H与滑移距离L之比(等效摩擦系数)与滑坡体体积V满足H/L=-0.029lgV+0.459的关系。分析滑坡体滑移距离L的影响因素,得出滑坡体滑移距离L与滑坡体体积V和滑坡体高度H基本呈正相关。将火星滑坡体体积计算结果与地球上217处滑坡统计数据进行对比,发现火星滑坡具有体积大、滑移距离远、低等效摩擦系数等特点。     

Assessing the health risk of heavy metals in vegetables to the general population in Beijing, China

A systematic survey of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations in vegetables from 416 samples (involving 100 varieties) in Beijing was carried out for assessing the potential health risk to local inhabitants. The results indicated that the metal concentrations in vegetables ranged from < 0.001 to 0.479 g/g fresh weight (fw) (As), < 0.001 to 0.101 g/g fw (Cd), < 0.001 to 1.04 g/g fw (Cr), 0.024 to 8.25 g/g fw (Cu), 0.001 to 1.689 g/g fw (Ni), < 0.001 to 0.655 g/g fw (Pb) and 0.01 to 25.6 g/g fw (Zn), with average concentrations of 0.013, 0.010, 0.023, 0.51, 0.053, 0.046 and 2.55 g/g fw, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni in vegetables from open-fields were all significantly higher than those grown in greenhouses. In addition, in local-produced vegetables, all HMs except Zn were significantly higher than those in provincial vegetables. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from vegetables was 0.080, 0.062, 0.142, 3.14, 0.327, 0.283 and 15.7 g/(kg body weight (bw) d) for adults, respectively. Arsenic was the major risk contributor for inhabitants since the target hazard quotient based on the weighted average concentration (THQw) of arsenic amounted to 44.3% of the total THQ (TTHQ) value according to average vegetable consumption. The TTHQ was lower than 1 for all age groups, indicating that it was still safe for the general population of Beijing to consume vegetables.     

Atmospheric carbonyls in a heavy ozone pollution episode at a metropolis in Southwest China: Characteristics, health risk assessment, sources analysis

Ambient carbonyls were continuously observed in the field during a heavy ozone pollution episode in Chengdu, China from August 4 to August 19, 2019, and the pollution characteristics, atmospheric photochemical reactivity, human health risk, and sources of carbonyls were analyzed. Fifteen carbonyls were quantified with average total mixing ratios of 20.38 ppbv Formaldehyde(9.86 ppbv), acetone(4.41 ppbv), and acetaldehyde(3.57 ppbv) were the three most abundant carbonyls. During the heavy ozone po...