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141.
Edwin Quarello Fabien Guimiot Jean-Marie Moalic Michel Simoneau Yves Ville Anne-Lise Delezoide 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(10):926-931
Objective To investigate the involvement of the genes encoding for COL6A1, COLA2 and super-oxide dismutase (SOD) in the mechanism for the retention of subcutaneous fluid in fetuses with trisomy 21. Methods During a 7-month period (November 2004–May 2005), human fetal skin from the nuchal region was obtained from euploid fetuses and from fetuses with trisomy 21 following abortions and terminations of pregnancy. Cell cultures were performed from nuchal skin. Quantification of COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3 and SOD mRNAs were performed using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Results Twelve fetuses were studied between 13–15 and 19–20 weeks of gestation including 7 cases of trisomy 21. A significant overexpression of genes of interest was demonstrated in trisomy 21 fetuses when compared with euploid fetuses, in the first and in the second trimester of pregnancy (p < 0.0001). Conclusion This study demonstrates a homogeneous overexpression of the genes encoding for α1 and α2 chains of Collagen type VI, and SOD in nuchal skin of human trisomy 21 fetuses. Persistence of this overexpression in the second trimester of pregnancy, despite the absence of an enlarged nuchal translucency (NT), may characterize some compensatory mechanisms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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In eusocial insects, sex allocation often constitutes a ground for intracolonial conflicts. This occurrence provides ideal opportunities to test kin-selection theory. A vast literature on this topic is available for social Hymenoptera, but the same field remains almost untouched in termites. A preeminent case is that of some species of Coptotermes, where the sex-allocation ratio in nymphs shifts from near equity to all-male when the primary reproductives are replaced by neotenics. To shed light on the developmental origin of this shift, we compared the sex ratio of the various castes and instars in primary- and neotenic-headed mature colonies of Coptotermes lacteus. The male-biased sex allocation in the latter type of colony results from two concurrent events: first, the sex ratio of the youngest instars (larvae) is male-biased by a 3:1 ratio; and second, all female larvae become workers, while a large fraction of the male larvae proceed to the nymphal and alate stages. Colony-founding experiments showed that inbreeding by itself cannot account for the male bias at hatching. We suggest that both genetic factors, due to the reproductive behaviour of neotenics, and environmental factors (colony condition and resource availability) may influence this process. Their exact nature and respective impact have not yet been clarified. 相似文献
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Julien Saada Anne-Gaëlle Grebille Marie-Cécile Aubry Arash Rafii Yves Dumez Alexandra Benachi 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(8):627-630
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder with an incidence of 1/15 000. More than 90% of CAH cases result from mutations of CYP21, leading to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. In its classical form, CAH is severe and consists of the virilizing (increase of androgens) and salt-wasting (lack of aldosterone) phenotype. When a proband exists, early prenatal diagnosis for CAH can be performed by direct molecular analysis in the first trimester. We describe herein two cases suggesting that the prenatal diagnosis of CAH can be initiated by the sonographic appearance of the adrenal gland at the second-trimester scan in the absence of a family history. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
148.
F.Stuart Chapin III Terry V.Callaghan Yves Bergeron M.Fukuda J.F.Johnstone G.Juday S.A.Zimov 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2004,33(6):339-343
21世纪所表现出来的北方气候变化的巨大性忌是引起植被的变化,其变化之大足以引起重要的社会影响.但植被变化的速度和格局却难以预测.我们评述了一些能够表明在北方森林限界上或那些种子散播限制了物种分布的地区,植被是逐渐变化的证据.但是,在一个物种分布区的中心,森林组成对气候变化是相当有弹性的,除非超过了某些阈值.在阈值点上,变化是迅速且预想不到的,常常转换至截然不同的生态系统类型.很多这类变化的诱因易受管理的影响,这说明我们在今后几十年的政策抉择将对目前气候变化的生态社会后果产生重大影响. 相似文献
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Sylvie Gauthier Alain Leduc Yves Bergeron 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1996,39(1-3):417-434
In natural boreal forests, disturbances such as fire and variation in surficial deposits create a mosaic of forest stands with different species composition and age. At the landscape level, this variety of stands can be considered as the natural mosaic diversity. In this paper, we describe a model that can be used to estimate the natural diversity level of landscapes. We sampled 624 stands for tree species composition and surficial deposits in eight stand-age classes corresponding to eight fire episodes in the region of Lake Duparquet, Abitibi, Québec at the southern fringe of the Boreal Forest. For six surficial deposit types, stand composition data were used to define equations for vegetation changes with time for a chronosequence of 230 years for four forest types. Using Van Wagner's (1978) model of age class distribution of stands, the proportion of each forest type for several lengths of fire cycle were defined. Finally, for real landscapes (ecological districts) of the ecological region of the Basses-Terres d'Amos, the proportion of forest types were weighted by the proportion of each surficial deposit type using ecological map information. Examples of the possible uses of the model for management purposes, such as biodiversity conservation and comparisons of different landscapes in terms of diversity and sensitivity to fire regime changes, are discussed. 相似文献