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381.
Z. M. Grahovac S. S. Mitić E. T. Pecev A. N. Pavlović 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):783-789
In the present study, a new sensitive and simple kinetic-spectrophotometric method for the determination of the insecticide diflubenzuron [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-diflubenzoil)urea] is proposed. The method is based on the inhibited effect of diflubenzuron on the oxidation of sulphanilic acid (SA) by hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer in presence Cu(II) ion. Diflubenzuron was determined with linear calibration graph in the interval from 0.31 to 3.1 μg mL?1 and from 3.1 to 31.0 μg mL?1. The optimized conditions yielded a theoretical detection limit of 0.18 μg mL?1corresponding to 0.036 mg Kg?1mushroom sample based on the 3Sb criterion. The RSD is 5.03–1.83 % and 2.81–0.71 % for the concentration interval of diflubenzuron 0.31–3.1 μg mL?1and 3.1–31.0 μg mL?1, respectively. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically at 370 nm. The kinetic parameters of the reaction are reported, and the rate equations are suggested. The developed procedure was successfully applied to the rapid determination of diflubenzuron in spiked mushroom samples of different mushroom species. The HPLC method was used like a comparative method to verify results. 相似文献
382.
The cationic polymerization of soybean oils was initiated by boron trifluoride diethyl etherate in supercritical carbon dioxide
medium. The resulting polymers had molecular weight ranging from 21,842 to 118,300 g/mol. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
and gel permeation chromatography analysis confirmed the polymerization had occurred. Parameters affecting the polymerization
were studied, which included initiator amount and reaction time. Results show that the longer reaction time, up to 3 h, favored
the higher molecular weight of polymers at conditions of 140 °C and initiator BF3·OEt2 (2.5 g, 0.018 mol). When reaction time was increased further, the molecular weight of polymers stayed the same or slightly
decreased. Increased concentration of initiator gave the higher molecular weight of polymers. The high molecular weight polymers
were possibly formed through two path ways: polymerization and intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction. 相似文献
383.
GIS-based Probability Assessment of Natural Hazards in Forested Landscapes of Central and South-Eastern Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. Lorz C. Fürst Z. Galic D. Matijasic V. Podrazky N. Potocic P. Simoncic M. Strauch H. Vacik F. Makeschin 《Environmental management》2010,46(6):920-930
We assessed the probability of three major natural hazards—windthrow, drought, and forest fire—for Central and South-Eastern
European forests which are major threats for the provision of forest goods and ecosystem services. In addition, we analyzed
spatial distribution and implications for a future oriented management of forested landscapes. For estimating the probability
of windthrow, we used rooting depth and average wind speed. Probabilities of drought and fire were calculated from climatic
and total water balance during growing season. As an approximation to climate change scenarios, we used a simplified approach
with a general increase of pET by 20%. Monitoring data from the pan-European forests crown condition program and observed
burnt areas and hot spots from the European Forest Fire Information System were used to test the plausibility of probability
maps. Regions with high probabilities of natural hazard are identified and management strategies to minimize probability of
natural hazards are discussed. We suggest future research should focus on (i) estimating probabilities using process based
models (including sensitivity analysis), (ii) defining probability in terms of economic loss, (iii) including biotic hazards,
(iv) using more detailed data sets on natural hazards, forest inventories and climate change scenarios, and (v) developing
a framework of adaptive risk management. 相似文献
384.
Kebede Amenu André Markemann Anne Valle Zárate 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(11):9571-9586
The study aimed to assess the quality and health aspects of water intended for human and livestock consumption in two rural districts of the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The study involved two parts: the first consisted of a questionnaire survey and farmers’ group discussions, complemented by secondary health data, and the second part determined the chemical (total dissolved solids, pH, manganese, hexa-valent chromium, fluoride) and microbiological quality of different water sources during dry and wet seasons. The result showed a lack of sustainable access to safe water in the communities. Industrial pollution and mismanagement of water sources by human and livestock was found to be a source of potential health risk. Potentially linked human health problems like malaria, diarrhoea and gastrointestinal parasites were common in the districts. Overall, 76 % of the assessed water sources (n?=?25) failed to comply with World Health Organization guidelines for human drinking water, for at least one assessed parameter, mostly irrespective of the season. The non-compliance was mainly attributed to Escherichia coli contamination and/or high fluoride concentration. At least 20 % of the water samples were also found to be unfit for livestock consumption based on assessed chemical parameters in both dry and wet seasons. To minimize the health risk associated with mismanagement and poor quality of water sources in the area, targeted action in the protection of surface water sources should be given priority. 相似文献
385.
A.S. Al-Akel H.F. Alkahem Al-Balawi F. Al-Misned Z. Ahmad E.M. Suliman 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(10):1865-1878
The influence of dietary copper (Cu) exposure on accumulation, growth, and hematological parameters was investigated in Cyprinus carpio after sub-chronic ingestion of 0, 250, 500, 750 or 1000?mg?kg?1 for 60 days. The profile of Cu accumulation among tissues in C. carpio was dependent on the exposure period and Cu concentration. Liver of C. carpio was the predominant storage tissue and the order of Cu accumulation in tissues was liver?>?intestine?> gill?>?kidney?>?muscle. Cu concentration at >125?mg?kg?1 reduced growth rate, and was inversely related to growth. The RNA?:?DNA ratios were not affected by exposure and there was no correlation between growth rate and RNA?:?DNA ratio in liver and muscle. There were no significant effects of exposure on blood parameters except for magnesium. Cu exposure time and dose increased the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity levels. 相似文献
386.
A series of processes by biofilter and Fenton oxidation to treat mature landfill leachate has been devised. At a hydraulic loading rate of 20 l m?3 d?1, a biofilter packed with aged refuse is found to remove 80% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 89% of ammonia nitrogen and 96% of total phosphorus (TP). Particularly, TP levels dropped below 1 mg l?1. The optimal condition for Fenton oxidation was selected to be an initial pH of 5, a dosage of 0.01 and 0.02 mol l?1 of FeSO4 and H2O2, respectively, and a duration of 3 h, where COD removal efficiency reaches 58.6%, and BOD5/COD ratio is raised from 0.05 to 0.20. Subsequent treatment by a biofilter packed with slag reduces COD, ammonia nitrogen levels to less than 100, 25 mg l?1, respectively. A pilot scale experiment conducted in situ demonstrates that this series of processes exhibits a high efficiency in removing pollutants from mature landfill leachate and it is viable for application. 相似文献
387.
J. Gressel Z. Amsellem A. Warshawsky V. Kampel D. Michaeli 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):399-405
Abstract Inundatively used mycoherbicides have been uneconomical and ineffectual, mainly because a large inoculum is required to overcome weeds’ innate defenses, as well as the need for long dew periods to become established. Weed defenses can be suppressed by specific chemical agents, or overcome biologically (using mixed organisms and/or engineering enhanced pathogenicity), and better formulants replace the long dew periods. 相似文献
388.
Kristen M. Waring Danielle M. Reboletti Lauren A. Mork Ching-Hsun Huang Richard W. Hofstetter Amanda M. Garcia Peter Z. Fulé T. Seth Davis 《Environmental management》2009,44(4):824-835
Predicted climate warming is expected to have profound effects on bark beetle population dynamics in the southwestern United
States. Temperature-mediated effects may include increases in developmental rates, generations per year, and changes in habitat
suitability. As a result, the impacts of Dendroctonus frontalis and Dendroctonus mexicanus on forest resources are likely subject to amplification. To assess the implications of such change, we evaluated the generations
per year of these species under three climate scenarios using a degree-day development model. We also assessed economic impacts
of increased beetle outbreaks in terms of the costs of application of preventative silvicultural treatments and potential
economic revenues forgone. Across the southwestern USA, the potential number of beetle generations per year ranged from 1–3+ under
historical climate, an increase of 2–4+ under the minimal warming scenario and 3–5+ under the greatest warming scenario. Economic
benefits of applying basal area reduction treatments to reduce forest susceptibility to beetle outbreaks ranged from 7.75/ha (NM) to7.75/ha
(NM) to 95.69/ha (AZ) under historical conditions, and 47.96/ha (NM) to47.96/ha (NM) to 174.58/ha (AZ) under simulated severe drought conditions.
Basal area reduction treatments that reduce forest susceptibility to beetle outbreak result in higher net present values than
no action scenarios. Coupled with other deleterious consequences associated with beetle outbreaks, such as increased wildfires,
the results suggest that forest thinning treatments play a useful role in a period of climate warming. 相似文献
389.
390.
This research aimed to study the effect of ultra-micro powder Dendrobium officinale on the molecular diversity of intestinal bacteria in mice with spleen-deficiency constipation, in order to provide scientific basis for ultra-micro D. officinale therapy. The mice with spleen-deficiency constipation in treatment groups were respectively given the traditional decoction of D. officinale and 50% dose ultra-micro powder D. officinale. The metagenome DNA of intestinal flora was extracted from intestinal contents. Then ARDRA analysis was made after PCR by universal primer of bacteria. The results showed that OTUs, Shannon index and Brillouin index were the same between the normal group and the 50% dose ultra-micro powder group, and between the model group and the traditional decoction group, but greater in the former two groups than the latter ones. The similarity coefficient (0.500 0) was bigger between the 50% dose ultra-micro powder group and the normal group than between the model group and the traditional decoction group, which was 0.181 8. Both cluster analysis and principal components analysis showed that the molecular diversity of intestinal microbiotia in mice of 50% dose ultra-micro powder group was the closest to that in the normal group. The results showed that the weakened molecular diversity of intestinal bacteria in mice with spleen-deficiency constipation can be regulated by the two kinds of D. officinale treatments to different extent. The efficacy of 50% dose ultra-micro powder D. officinale is better than the traditional decoction. 相似文献