气候变化对中国南方水稻产量的经济影响及其适应策略

文章通过构建经济-气候模型(简称C-D-C模型),运用计量经济模型实证分析气候变化对南方水稻产量的影响,并对未来气候变化情景的影响进行了模拟评估。结果表明,气候对南方地区水稻产量有显著负影响,且气候对各区域影响存在差异,降水对华南、华中和华东地区有负的作用,而对西南地区有一定正影响;温度对西南、华南、华东和华中地区都有负的影响,未来气候变化情景对南方水稻产量的影响以减产为主,应引起政府和农户的高度重视。最后,根据实证分析结果,提出了南方地区水稻生产适应气候变化的对策建议。     

Chemisorption and Physical Adsorption Roles in Cadmium Biosorption by Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cadmium (Cd) adsorbed by microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C.reinhardtii). The kinetic and adsorption isotherm of the process could be well described by mathematical models. Chemical modification experiments and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that carboxyl and amine groups were the important functional groups for adsorption of Cd. The maximum contribution of physical adsorption in the overall adsorption process was evaluated as 5.5%...     

人工浮床技术开发与应用研究进展

人工浮床作为一种新型的生态修复技术,主要依靠植物、微生物和水生动物的共同作用实现对水体的净化,具有不占用土地、不消耗能源、成本低、管理简单等优点,在地表水修复和污水净化中得到了越来越多的应用.然而,受植物生长速度和温度的影响,其在应用中仍存在净化能力差、适用范围有限等缺陷.优势植物筛选与植物刈割、微生物强化技术和水生动物强化法等途径可以在一定程度上解决这些问题.人工浮床中植物、微生物和水生动物在污染物去除中的耦合过程、微生物活性及影响因素和人工浮床的设计、构建及日常管理标准的制定等研究尚不深入,是限制人工浮床技术进一步推广的主要因素,也是未来研究的重点和难点.     

高碱度水库水混凝过程中残留铝控制

针对高碱度水库水源的某水厂残留铝超标问题,选取碱化度(B)与Alb含量不同的3种铝盐絮凝剂,研究不同投量与pH值下混凝效果与残留铝浓度水平。结果表明,碱化度和Alb含量显著影响混凝效果。DOC和浊度的去除率随着3种絮凝剂AlCl3(B=0)、PACl-1(B=1.2)、PACl-2(B=2.2)投量增大而升高。3种絮凝剂投量在1.5～2.0 mg/L(以铝计)范围内,总铝和溶解铝含量最低。对于该水厂自制的絮凝剂PACl-2,可通过降低絮凝剂碱化度,或将水的pH值降低至7～7.5之间,以此可以提高PACl-2混凝效果,而且可以降低出厂水残留铝浓度。考虑工程应用可行性,可优先考虑调整絮凝剂生产工艺。     

膜生物反应器(MBR)-反渗透(RO)工艺深度处理印染废水的实验研究

采用膜生物反应器（MBR）-反渗透（RO）工艺对印染废水进行了深度处理实验。原水经MBR系统处理后,COD去除率、ss去除率和色度去除率分别达89．9％、100％和87．5％。MBR系统处理出水进入反渗透（RO）系统进行处理,硬度去除率和除盐率分别达99．62％和99．64％,同时可进一步除去剩余的COD、色度。系统出水水质满足生产回用的要求。     

A sensitive monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for chlorpyrifos residue determination in Chinese agricultural samples

A monoclonal antibody-based competitive antibody-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and optimized for determining chlorpyrifos residue in agricultural products. The IC(50) and IC(10) of this ELISA were 3.3 ng/mL and 0.1 ng/mL respectively. The average recoveries in six agricultural products were between 79.5% and 118.0%, with the intra-assay coefficient of variation being less than 8 %. The limit of detection for all tested products was 30 ng/g. To the best of our knowledge, this assay has the best specificity among all the published research on ELISAs for chlorpyrifos.     

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) as new Stockholm Convention POPs��a global perspective on the management of Lindane and its waste isomers

Purpose

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (??-, ??- and ??- (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. This article wants to briefly summarise the outcomes of the Stockholm Convention process and make an estimation of the amount of HCH waste generated and dumped in the former Lindane/HCH-producing countries.

Results

In a preliminary assessment, the countries and the respective amount of HCH residues stored and deposited from Lindane production are estimated. Between 4 and 7 million tonnes of wastes of toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative residues (largely consisting of alpha- (approx. 80%) and beta-HCH) are estimated to have been produced and discarded around the globe during 60 years of Lindane production. For approximately 1.9 million tonnes, information is available regarding deposition. Countries are: Austria, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Macedonia, Nigeria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, The Netherlands, UK, USA, and former USSR. The paper highlights the environmental relevance of deposited HCH wastes and the related POPs?? contaminated sites and provides suggestions for further steps to address the challenge of the legacy of HCH/Lindane production.

Conclusion

It can be expected that most locations where HCH waste was discarded/stockpiled are not secured and that critical environmental impacts are resulting from leaching and volatilisation. As parties to the Stockholm Convention are legally required to take action to stop further POPs pollution, identification and evaluation of such sites are necessary.     

pH对生物质同步水解产酸的影响

采用香蒲枯叶作为发酵基质,考察了水生生物质在培养温度为(25.0±0.5)℃、pH为6～12下的水解产酸情况.结果表明:(1)实验末期(30 d),不同pH下香蒲枯叶中半纤维素降解率为28％～60％,比纤维素(19％～42％)和木质素(1％～46％)高.(2)在同一发酵时间内,发酵液总有机碳(TOC)、还原糖浓度总体随...     

基于MODIS的渍害田和正常农田遥感特性对比研究

渍害田在我国南方地区分布广泛,严重影响农业生产。以四湖流域洪湖地区为实验区,基于渍害田的物理及生态特性来探讨渍害田遥感识别特性。利用2002～2011年MODIS产品,辅以土壤图、土地覆被数据,对比分析了正常农田及渍害田在反照率、增强型植被指数（EVI）、地表夜温、地表温差和表观热惯量的时相差异;并结合相关研究成果加以解释和验证。结果表明：一年中大部分时段,正常农田的反照率、EVI、地表温差都大于渍害田,而地表夜温、表观热惯量都低于渍害田;各指标的多年平均值也具有类似差别;渍害田的EVI在6、7月份比正常农田高, 可能是由于渍害田在雨、热、肥条件同时良好时比正常农田生长的更快。研究结果可为进一步准确识别渍害田空间分布及其动态变化     

2011年中国大陆地震灾害损失述评

列出了2011年中国境内5.0级以上地震目录,总结了当年我国大陆地区各次地震灾害事件的基础数据信息和灾害信息,结合该年度我国大陆地区地震灾害事件发生所在省(自治区、直辖市)地震局的地震灾害评估资料,总结、归纳了2011年我国大陆地区地震灾害的主要数据和特性。最后,列出了1990年以来我国大陆地震灾害的相关数据,并进行了简单的比较。